Motivational sources of confirmation bias in criminal investigations: the need for cognitive closure

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Motivational Bias in Criminal Investigators' Judgments of Witness Reliability (2007, methodology): “employed in a previous study by Ask and Granhag (2005). The vignette consisted of four parts: (a) a short introduction describing the background of”
Interviewing Victims of Crime, Including Children and People with Intellectual Disabilities (2006, methodology): “Investigators will, wittingly or unwittingly, utilize this information to guide the direction of the case ( Ask & Granhag, 2005 ).”
Credibility of the emotional witness: A study of ratings by police investigators (2008, background): “Other studies have also shown that stereotypes, biases and attitudes automatically guide the police in search for information (Ainsworth, 2002; Ask & Granhag, 2005; Colwell, 2005).”
A Transformer-based Framework for Neutralizing and Reversing the Political Polarity of News Articles (2021, background): “Many scholars have pointed out that without intervention, media will inevitably keep facilitating the proliferation of online echo chambers due to cognitive bias and other social reasons [4, 85].”