Midgap states and charge inhomogeneities in corrugated graphene

By Francisco Guinea, M. Katsnelson, M. Vozmediano. 2007

272 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We study the changes induced by the effective gauge field due to ripples on the low energy electronic structure of graphene. We show that zero-energy Landau levels will form, associated with the smooth deformation of the graphene layer, when the height corrugation, $h$, and the length of the ripple, $l$, are such that ${h}^{2}∕la\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1$, where $a$ is the lattice constant. The existence of localized levels gives rise to a large compressibility at zero energy and to the enhancement of instabilities arising from electron-electron interactions including electronic phase separation. The combined effect of the ripples and an external magnetic field breaks the valley symmetry of graphene, leading to the possibility of valley selection.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Materials Chemistry

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ae16be3511bcce5b25a250d6ee2a3fc809f4111b

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In Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

In Materials Chemistry

Citations in the corpus

The origin of wrinkles on transferred graphene (2011, background): “S-1, S-2 and Tables S-1, S-2), larger than the ripples on mechanically exfoliated graphene, which strongly influences the physicochemical properties of the graphene sample [14].”
Colloquium: Graphene spectroscopy (2014, background): “The inhomogeneities may also be induced by elastic strain and ripples (Brey and Palacios, 2008; Gibertini et al., 2010; Guinea et al., 2008b).”
Novel effects of strains in graphene and other two dimensional materials (2015, background): “Since the Fermi velocity is arguably the most important parameter in graphene physics, this term affects all the experiments and will induce extra spatial anisotropies in strained samples near the Dirac point [35, 97, 104, 130, 278, 383].”
Functionalized graphene materials for hydrogen storage (2020, background): “Since the observation of high hydrogen adsorption capacities of 19 wt% at 77 K and 100 bars in single-walled carbon nanotubes [57], corrugation of graphene layers has been deeply examined to study the effect of curvature on adsorption properties of graphene [58, 59].”
Artificial gauge fields in materials and engineered systems (2017, unknown): “This was already realized more than 20 years ago by Kane and Mele [271] but the relation between a particular designed strain and the corresponding pseudo-magnetic field is not straightforward and motived multiple studies, that were using strain-engineering to generate homogeneous magnetic fields [2”
STM Spectroscopy of ultra-flat graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (2011, background): “Reducing the surface roughness is critical for graphene devices because local curvature can lead to electronic effects such as doping[22] and random effective magnetic fields[23].”
The electronic properties of graphene (2007, background): “An analysis of the resulting state, and the possible instabilities that may occur can be found in (Guinea et al., 2008).”
Charge transport in disordered graphene-based low dimensional materials (2008, background): “Although the study of deformation modes known as ripples is at the origin of predictions of peculiar transport phenomena [101, 161 ], a realistic description of Coulomb scatterers is however needed to allow a true experimental exploration of localization phenomena in massless Dirac fermions.”