Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans

By R. Feely, C. Sabine, Kitack Lee, W. Berelson, J. Kleypas, V. Fabry, F. Millero. Science, 2004

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Citations in the corpus

Predicted impact of ocean acidification on a marine invertebrate: elevated CO2 alters response to thermal stress in sea urchin larvae (2009, background): “This alteration in seawater chemistry is driven by increases in atmospheric CO2, resulting in reduced pH of surface waters (see, e.g., Skirrow and WhitWeld 1975; Feely et al. 2004; Caldeira and Wickett 2005; McNeil and Matear 2006).”
Elevated level of carbon dioxide affects metabolism and shell formation in oysters Crassostrea virginica (2010, background): “…such as decrease in pH and the associated decline in CaCO3 saturation of seawater, although the direction and magnitude of the CO2-driven effects on calcification rates can significantly vary between species (Feely et al. 2004, Iglesias-Rodriguez et al. 2008, Clark et al. 2009, Ries et al. 2009).”
Bridging the gap between marine biogeochemical and fisheries sciences; configuring the zooplankton link (2014, background): “…beginning of industrialisation, in ca. 1750, the CO2 content in the atmosphere has increased from 280 ppm to 380 ppm early into the 21st century (Feely et al., 2004; IPCC, 2007), and has now exceeded 400 ppm. Approximately 1/3rd of the C released into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil…”
Ocean acidification causes bleaching and productivity loss in coral reef builders (2008, background): “One explanation for the high sensitivity of CCA is that their skeletons consist of magnesian calcite, which has higher solubility and requires a higher saturation state for deposition (and hence potentially more metabolic energy) than does aragonite and calcite (35, 36).”
Ocean acidification affects growth but not nutritional quality of the seaweed Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae, Fucales) (2014, methodology): “02 μm) North Sea water and subjected to one of two CO2 treatments: 280 μatm (i.e. pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 level; Feely et al., 2004) and 700 μatm (i.”
Resiliency of juvenile walleye pollock to projected levels of ocean acidification (2012, background): “Approximately one-third of anthropogenically released CO2 has dissolved into the ocean (Feely et al. 2004, Sabine et al. 2004, Orr et al. 2005).”
A reconstruction of radiocarbon production and total solar irradiance from the Holocene 14 C and CO 2 records: implications of data and model uncertainties (2013, background): “Past, 9, 1879–1909, 2013 www.clim-past.net/9/1879/2013/ Bern3D-LPJ Data Carbon 14C Carbon 14C [Gt C] [105 mol] [Gt C] [105 mol] ATM 593 0.591 593a 0.591b LND 1930 1.79 2500–3500c OCN 38 070 32.0 38 200d 33.00d Carbon 14C Carbon 14C [Gt C yr−1] [mol yr−1] [Gt C yr−1] [mol yr−1] SED 0.501 52 0.22–0.4e”
Pelagic functional group modeling: Progress, challenges and prospects (2006, positive): “This approach has been coupled with studies of the changes in total alkalinity distributions in the deeper parts of the water column (Feely et al., 2004a) to develop a better understanding of the total budget of CaCO3 particles in the oceans from production in the euphotic zone to dissolution in…”
Elevated pCO2 increases sperm limitation and risk of polyspermy in the red sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (2011, background): “Rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the ocean are contributing to a decrease in both oceanic pH and carbonate ion (CO3 2 ) availability, a process termed ocean acidification (Feely et al., 2004; Doney et al., 2009).”
Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem. (2009, background): “On the dissolution side, the estimates range from 0.5–1.0 Pg C yr1 based on sediment trap studies (Honjo et al. 2008), alkalinity gradients and water mass ages (Berelson et al. 2007, Feely et al. 2004, Sarmiento et al. 2002), and models (Gehlen et al. 2007).”
The Southern Hemisphere Westerlies in a Warming World: Propping Open the Door to the Deep Ocean (2006, background): “…and assumes that the biological cycling of carbon will remain constant, rather than estimating the impacts explicitly or mediating between the conflicting predictions in the scientific community of whether marine ecosystems will thrive in a CO2-enhanced world (Feely et al. 2004; Gregg et al. 2003).”
The economics (or lack thereof) of aerosol geoengineering (2009, background): “are silent on the damages due to increased CO2 concentrations, for example via the effects of changes in the oceanic acidity on marine ecosystems (Feely et al. 2004; Stoll et al. 2007).”
Potential impacts of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions on Mediterranean marine ecosystems and cetaceans (2008, background): “According to Caldeira & Wickett (2003) and Feely et al. (2004), the expected change in pH will be greater than any other pH variations observed in the fossil record over the last 200–300 million years.”