Whole-mantle convection and the transition-zone water filter

By D. Bercovici, S. Karato. Nature, 2002

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In Geophysics

Citations in the corpus

Linked magma ocean solidification and atmospheric growth for Earth and Mars (2008, background): “To overcome this density contrast, a temperature change of thousands of degrees is necessary, which would melt this thin, dense layer, and thus further stabilize it at depth because this melt is likely negatively buoyant with respect to the remaining cumulates (Stolper et al., 1981; Ohtani and Maeda”
Letter. Aluminum coordination and the densification of high-pressure aluminosilicate glasses (2005, background): “…early in the history of the Earth (Stolper et al. 1981; Agee and Walker 1993) and to the possible continued presence of neutrally buoyant melts above the transition zone (Revenaugh and Sipkin 1994; Bercovici and Karato 2003; Suzuki and Ohtani 2003) and the D'' layer (Williams and Garnero 1996).”
A review of shear-wave splitting in the compliant crack-critical anisotropic earth (2005, background): “In the mantle there is the same stress (or flow) aligned polarisations, and the same range of shear-wave velocity-anisotropy with a minimum of about 1% and a maximum of about 5% compared to the 1.5–4.5% range observed in the crust (Table 1). Petrology suggests there is up to 0.1 wt.% water in the up”
Water, Melting, and the Deep Earth H 2 O Cycle (2006, methodology): “Bercovici & Karato (2003) suggested that partial melting of H2O-rich material advected through the 410 km discontinuity leaves a residue with an H2O content similar to the average upper mantle.”
Electrical Conductivity of Mantle Minerals: Role of Water in Conductivity Anomalies (2013, background): “This low-velocity anomaly has been considered as a partial molten zone generated by the dehydration melting induced by a large difference in water storage capacity between olivine and wadsleyite (e.g., Bercovici & Karato 2003).”
Water distribution across the mantle transition zone and its implications for global material circulation (2011, neutral): “There is a marked increase in water content across the 410-km discontinuity in this model suggesting partial melting at ~410-km and resultant melt–solid segregation (Bercovici and Karato, 2003; Karato et al., 2006).”
Hydrogen incorporation in olivine from 2–12 GPa (2006, background): “Experimental data suggesting that water storage capacity increases dramatically in the mantle transition zone (Smyth 1994; Kohlstedt et al. 1996; Bolfan-Casanova et al. 2000) has paved the way for an intriguing, though speculative, model to explain the interplay between mantle convection and the geo”
On the origin of the asthenosphere (2012, background): “An alternative, and physically more plausible model for the generation of the homogeneous, modestly depleted asthenosphere, is that the asthenosphere is a residue of a small degree of melting at 410 km (Bercovici and Karato, 2003; Karato et al., 2006).”
Urey ratio and the structure and evolution of Earth's mantle (2008, background): “[55] The operation of plate tectonics is one of the unique features of Earth, but it is not fully understood why this special kind of mantle convection can take place to begin with [e.g., Tackley, 2000a; Schubert et al., 2001; Bercovici, 2003].”