GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOME SIGNATURES OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

By D. Saulnier, Kevin P. Riehle, Toni-Ann Mistretta, M. Diaz, D. Mandal, Sabeen Raza, Erica M. Weidler, X. Qin, Cristian Coarfa, Aleksandar Milosavljevic and 6 more. Gastroenterology, 2011

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS The intestinal microbiomes of healthy children and pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are not well defined. Studies in adults have indicated that the gastrointestinal microbiota could be involved in IBS. METHODS We analyzed 71 samples from 22 children with IBS (pediatric Rome III criteria) and 22 healthy children, ages 7–12 years, by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with an average of 54,287 reads/stool sample (average 454 read length = 503 bases). Data were analyzed using phylogenetic-based clustering (Unifrac), or an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) approach using a supervised machine learning tool (randomForest). Most samples were also hybridized to a microarray that can detect 8,741 bacterial taxa (16S rRNA PhyloChip). RESULTS Microbiomes associated with pediatric IBS were characterized by a significantly greater percentage of the class Gammaproteobacteria (0.07% vs 0.89% of total bacteria; P <.05); one prominent component of this group was Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Differences highlighted by 454 sequencing were confirmed by high-resolution PhyloChip analysis. Using supervised learning techniques, we were able to classify different subtypes of IBS with a success rate of 98.5%, using limited sets of discriminant bacterial species. A novel Ruminococcus-like microbe was associated with IBS, indicating the potential utility of microbe discovery for gastrointestinal disorders. A greater frequency of pain correlated with an increased abundance of several bacterial taxa from the genus Alistipes. CONCLUSIONS Using16S metagenomics by Phylochip DNA hybridization and deep 454 pyrosequencing, we associated specific microbiome signatures with pediatric IBS. These findings indicate the important association between gastrointestinal microbes and IBS in children; these approaches might be used in diagnosis of functional bowel disorders in pediatric patients.

Subfields: Food Science, Gastroenterology, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ad03d9f6a51c2c8b2559f4769a1c0be0ebbcc5d0

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Citations in the corpus

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Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease (2012, background): “The authors showed that the consumption of safflower oil stimulated the growth of δ-Proteobacteria by enhancing bacterial genes for chemotaxis and flagella development, giving them a competitive advantage over other bacterial groups that colonize the GI tract [61].”
Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder. (2015, background): “Saulnier et al. (2011) found that higher levels of Alistipes were associated with a greater frequency of abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, and speculated that Alistipes is associated with gut inflammation; thus, further research is needed to clarify the role of this genus in…”
Gut microbiota: Role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease (2017, background): “For example, clindamycin- induced expansion of Enterobacteriaceae accounted for sustained susceptibility to C. difficile- driven colitis.141 Antibiotic or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment can lead to the expansion and extraintestinal dissemination of E. coli pathobionts that result in bacterem”
Defining a healthy human gut microbiome: current concepts, future directions, and clinical applications. (2012, background): “The reader is referred to several excellent references regarding human sampling (Grice et al., 2009; Jalanka-Tuovinen et al., 2011; Mai et al., 2011; Saulnier et al., 2011) and analysis (Kuczynski et al., 2012).”