Experimental study on relationship between jet instability and formation of beaded fibers during electrospinning

By Weiwei Zuo, Meifang Zhu, Wen Yang, Hao Yu, Yanmo Chen, Yu Zhang. 2005

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Co‐axial Electrospinning for Nanofiber Structures: Preparation and Applications (2008, background): “The second parameter that affects the electrospinning process and the morphology of the resulting fibers is the solution conductivity.(37,38) Fluids with high conductivity have high surface charge density.”
Electrospinning of polymer nanofibers: Effects on oriented morphology, structures and tensile properties (2010, neutral): “It is attributed to the poor chain entanglement density in the solution and insufficient resistance to the electrostatic field [31,32].”
Encapsulation of cinnamon essential oil in electrospun nanofibrous film for active food packaging (2016, background): “The flow rate determines how much of the electrospinning solution is available at the tip of the needle for fiber formation, lower or higher flow rate give a number of beads on the nanofibrous film, indicating that a suitable flow rate is necessary for maintaining stable Taylor cone at the needle ti”
Electrospinning of nanofibers and their applications for energy devices (2015, background): “It is worth noting that fibers with beads are formed when the feed rate of solution is too high due to not providing enough time for solvent evaporation [42, 43].”