Endocytosis of Nanomedicines

By G. Sahay, Daria Y. Alakhova, A. Kabanov. Journal of Controlled Release, 2010

2,064 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Novel nanomaterials are being developed to improve diagnosis and therapy of diseases through effective delivery of drugs, biopharmaceutical molecules and imaging agents to target cells in disease sites. Such diagnostic and therapeutic nanomaterials, also termed “nanomedicines”, often require site-specific cellular entry to deliver their payload to subcellular locations hidden beneath cell membranes. Nanomedicines can employ multiple pathways for cellular entry, which are currently insufficiently understood. This review, first, classifies various mechanisms of endocytosis available to nanomedicines including phagocytosis and pinocytosis through clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent pathways. Second, it describes the current experimental tools to study endocytosis of nanomedicines. Third, it provides specific examples from recent literature and our own work on endocytosis of nanomedicines. Finally, these examples are used to ascertain 1) the role of particle size, shape, material composition, surface chemistry and/or charge for utilization of a selected pathway(s); 2) the effect of cell type on the processing of nanomedicines; 3) the effect of nanomaterial-cell interactions on the processes of endocytosis, the fate of the nanomedicines and the resulting cellular responses. This review will be useful to a diverse audience of students and scientists who are interested in understanding endocytosis of nanomedicines.

Subfields: Biomaterials, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ab0cfb0d9e84b9aae1de70a27ad887c561b8579d

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Biomaterials

1. N. Bertrand
2. N. Kamaly
3. Xiaoyang Xu
4. Jun Wu
5. O. Farokhzad
6. A. Kabanov
7. W. E. Hennink

In Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

1. O. Farokhzad
2. N. Bertrand
3. S. Honary

In Molecular Biology

1. N. Bertrand
2. N. Kamaly
3. Xiaoyang Xu
4. Jun Wu
5. O. Farokhzad
6. Raymond Schiffelers
7. T. Jacks
8. A. Kabanov

Citations in the corpus

• Cancer nanotechnology: the impact of passive and active targeting in the era of modern cancer biology. (2014, background): “Evidently, NP intracellular trafficking is complex [162] and receptor-mediated internalization can qualitatively affect the vesicular transport [163, 164].”
• Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Aspects (2020, background): “In a series of studies, Neves et al. investigated the cellular uptake of ApoE-grafted SLN by hCMEC/D3 cells, as a model of human BBB, and found that functionalized NPs were better internalized than non-functionalized ones, due to the specific recognition of the targeting ligand by the highly express”
• Efficiency of siRNA delivery by lipid nanoparticles is limited by endocytic recycling (2013, neutral): “Intracellular trafficking of nanoparticles is a dynamic process, which results in transport of macromolecules to different subcellular destinations, with the majority of material targeted to the lysosomes for degradation 5 .”
• Brief update on endocytosis of nanomedicines (2019, background): “A large number of materials that have shown successful delivery are using macropinocytosis since it forms a large leaky vesicle that can contain several nanoparticles [1,6,47,48].”
• Insight into nanoparticle cellular uptake and intracellular targeting (2014, neutral): “The negative surface charge has been found to trigger the cellular internalization predominantly via caveolae [91].”
• Curcumin nanoformulations: a review of pharmaceutical properties and preclinical studies and clinical data related to cancer treatment. (2014, background): “The mechanism of cellular uptake of the nanoparticles was not investigated, but they most likely entered the cells by endocytosis [126,127].”