Identifying Luminous AGN in Deep Surveys: Revised IRAC Selection Criteria

By J. Donley, A. Koekemoer, M. Brusa, P. Capak, C. Cardamone, F. Civano, O. Ilbert, Christopher Impey, J. Kartaltepe, T. Miyaji and 4 more. 2012

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MID-INFRARED SELECTION OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI WITH THE WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER. I. CHARACTERIZING WISE-SELECTED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN COSMOS (2012, methodology): “In order to minimize such contamination, mid-infrared power-law selection has been suggested (e.g., Alonso-Herrero et al. 2006), though Donley et al. (2012) notes that systematic photometric errors from IRAC are often underestimated (e.g., Reach et al. 2005), making powerlaw selection more…”
THE MOSDEF SURVEY: MASS, METALLICITY, AND STAR-FORMATION RATE AT z ∼ 2.3 (2014, background): “Objects must not be flagged as an active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the MOSDEF catalog, identified by X-ray luminosity and infrared colors (Donley et al. 2012).”
THE RELATION BETWEEN STAR FORMATION RATE AND STELLAR MASS FOR GALAXIES AT 3.5 ⩽ z ⩽ 6.5 IN CANDELS (2014, methodology): “Our samples have been cleaned from a total of 46 objects from X-Ray (Xue et al. 2011), IR (Donley et al. 2012), and radio (Padovani et al. 2011) detected AGN, as flagged by the Dahlen et al. (2013) photo-z catalog.”
CONSTRAINING THE LOW-MASS SLOPE OF THE STAR FORMATION SEQUENCE AT 0.5 < z < 2.5 (2014, background): “As all five CANDELS fields have uniform coverage with deep Spitzer/IRAC imaging, we remove all sources that fall within the revised IRAC color–color selections presented in Donley et al. (2012).”
The WISE AGN Catalog (2017, background): “…survey of the sky, the majority have been developed for the more recent observatories, such as Spitzer and WISE (Lacy et al. 2004, 2007, 2013; Stern et al. 2005, 2012; Assef et al. 2010, 2013; Jarrett et al. 2011; Donley et al. 2012; Mateos et al. 2012; Messias et al. 2012; Wu et al. 2012).”
MID-INFRARED SELECTION OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI WITH THE WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER. II. PROPERTIES OF WISE-SELECTED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE NDWFS BOÖTES FIELD (2012, methodology): “…W2 magnitudes, it becomes unreliable to use an AGN control sample based on the IRAC color criteria of Stern et al. (2005), as it is susceptible to contamination by high-redshift galaxies once the errors in the SDWFS IRAC [5.8] and [8.0] fluxes become too large (see, e.g., Donley et al. 2012).”
An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 CLS UDS field: physical properties of 707 sub-millimetre galaxies (2019, methodology): “This colour–colour space has been used to identify high-redshift star-forming galaxies, as well as isolate candidate AGN at z 2.5 from their power-law spectra (e.g. Donley et al. 2012).”
CANDELS MULTIWAVELENGTH CATALOGS: SOURCE IDENTIFICATION AND PHOTOMETRY IN THE CANDELS UKIDSS ULTRA-DEEP SURVEY FIELD (2013, background): “6) color-color diagram first introduced by Lacy et al. (2004) and recently revised by Donley et al. (2012).”
EVIDENCE FOR WIDE-SPREAD ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS-DRIVEN OUTFLOWS IN THE MOST MASSIVE z ∼ 1–2 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES (2014, methodology): “In total, nine galaxies satisfy the IRAC AGN criteria, with 15 more potential AGNs that lie close to the region delineated in Donley et al. (2012) but formally do not satisfy the criteria.”
Active galactic nuclei: what’s in a name? (2017, methodology): “5.2); (3) mid-IR (MIR) colours (e.g. Lacy et al. 2004; Stern et al. 2005; Donley et al. 2012; see also Sect.”
The DEIMOS 10K Spectroscopic Survey Catalog of the COSMOS Field (2018, background): “These include radio sources (“VLA”), Herschel PACS sources (“Herschel”), and power-law AGN candidates (PL AGN, Donley et al. 2012; Chang et al. 2017).”
Cosmic X-ray surveys of distant active galaxies (2015, methodology): “Color-color selection from MIR photometric data (e.g., Lacy et al 2004; Stern et al 2005; Polletta et al 2006; Hickox et al 2007; Cardamone et al 2008; Donley et al 2008, 2012; Mateos et al 2013).”
The HDUV Survey: A Revised Assessment of the Relationship between UV Slope and Dust Attenuation for High-redshift Galaxies (2017, methodology): “Additionally, we use the Donley et al. (2012) Spitzer IRAC selection to isolate any infrared-bright AGN.”
THE CHANDRA COSMOS LEGACY SURVEY: OPTICAL/IR IDENTIFICATIONS (2015, background): “X-ray data play an important role in the selection of AGN, because at these energies the contamination from non-nuclear emission, mainly due to star-formation processes, is far less significant than in optical and infrared surveys (Donley et al. 2008, 2012; Stern et al. 2012; Lehmer et al. 2012).”
Galaxy Interactions Trigger Rapid Black Hole Growth: an unprecedented view from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey (2017, methodology): “However, IR color-color diagrams may fail to readily identify AGN accreting at low Eddington ratios (e.g., Donley et al. 2012; Mateos et al. 2012; Hainline et al. 2016).”
IDENTIFICATION OF 1.4 MILLION ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE MID-INFRARED USING WISE DATA (2015, methodology): “…selection criteria in the literature, such as the Spitzer two-color criteria in Lacy et al. (2004), Stern et al. (2005), Lacy et al. (2007), and Donley et al. (2012); the WISE two-color criteria in Jarrett et al. (2011), the WISE one-color criteria of Stern et al. (2012) and Assef et al.…”
The faint radio sky: radio astronomy becomes mainstream (2016, background): “Referencesfor the relevant samples and facilities are: E-CDFS/VLA, radio (1.4 GHz: Padovani et al., 2015a); COSMOS/Spitzer, NIR (4.5µm: Donley et al., 2012); VIMOS VVDS/VLT (Type 1) and zCOSMOS/VLT (Type 2), optical (I band: LeFevre et al., 2013; Bongiorno et al., 2012, respectively); 4 Ms/Chandra,…”
SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF LOCAL LUMINOUS AND ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES (2012, methodology): “The revised IRAC color selection by Donley et al. (2012) is designed to incorporate the best aspects of the current IRAC wedges but to minimizie star-forming contamints, and has been adopted here for selecting IRAC AGN candidates (see Eqn.”