The future cost of electrical energy storage based on experience rates

By Oliver Schmidt, Adam Hawkes, A. Gambhir, Iain Staffell. Nature Energy, 2017

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Storage Requirements and Costs of Shaping Renewable Energy Toward Grid Decarbonization (2019, background): “Examples of Tech II might include future Li-ion batteries after further cost reduction, and possibly other closed battery technologies, flywheels, and supercapacitors.(12) Results for other solar and wind costs are also available (Figures S56–S61).”
Short-term integration costs of variable renewable energy: Wind curtailment and balancing in Britain and Germany (2018, background): “In combination with decreasing technology costs of storage [133], marginal imbalance prices might make combining a wind farm with storage economic to avoid high imbalance charges [134].”
The road ahead for solar PV power (2018, background): “Forecasts for the liion energy storage modules project prices in the $150 per kWh range within the next couple years [52,39,32].”
Learning only buys you so much: Practical limits on battery price reduction (2019, background): “[7] Schmidt et al. projected future prices of 11 electrical energy storage technologies by constructing experience curves, resulting in an experience rate of 16±4% for EV LIB packs.”
Is a 100% renewable European power system feasible by 2050? (2019, background): “Equivalent to 88 € kWh−1, we acknowledge this is rather optimistic given expectations for grid-level storage costs are 340 USD kWh (290 € kWh) in 2040 [150].”