ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques
By Neeltje van Doremalen, T. Lambe, Alexandra J. Spencer, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Jyothi N. Purushotham, J. Port, V. Avanzato, T. Bushmaker, A. Flaxman, M. Ulaszewska and 27 more. Nature, 2020
830 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 20191,2 and is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic3. Vaccines are an essential countermeasure and are urgently needed to control the pandemic4. Here we show that the adenovirus-vector-based vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, which encodes the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, is immunogenic in mice and elicites a robust humoral and cell-mediated response. This response was predominantly mediated by type-1 T helper cells, as demonstrated by the profiling of the IgG subclass and the expression of cytokines. Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (using either a prime-only or a prime–boost regimen) induced a balanced humoral and cellular immune response of type-1 and type-2 T helper cells in rhesus macaques. We observed a significantly reduced viral load in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lower respiratory tract tissue of vaccinated rhesus macaques that were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 compared with control animals, and no pneumonia was observed in vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected animals. However, there was no difference in nasal shedding between vaccinated and control SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques. Notably, we found no evidence of immune-enhanced disease after viral challenge in vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected animals. The safety, immunogenicity and efficacy profiles of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against symptomatic PCR-positive COVID-19 disease will now be assessed in randomized controlled clinical trials in humans. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 induces an immune response in rhesus macaques and leads to reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in respiratory tissues and an absence of pneumonia, but not to a reduction in nasal virus shedding, compared with unvaccinated animals.
Subfields: Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a78f2ec7150d142dbad40ecfa95e5f049624fb61
How researchers see this paper
The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.
In Epidemiology
In Infectious Diseases
Citations in the corpus
- Development of an Inactivated Vaccine Candidate, BBIBP-CorV, with Potent Protection against SARS-CoV-2 (2020, methodology): “For ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, 5 of 6 lung lobes in vaccinated group showed the detectable viral load (van Doremalen et al., 2020); but for BBIBP-CorV, all macaques in the low- and highdose groups did not show a detectable viral load in any lung lobe at 7 days after inoculation.”
- A Thermostable mRNA Vaccine against COVID-19 (2020, result): “Similar results have also been reported in DNA- and adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidates (van Doremalen et al., 2020; Yu et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020a).”
- Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection (2021, background): “The presence of sub-sterilizing neutralizing antibody titers at the time of SARS-CoV-2 exposure would blunt the size of the initial infection, and may provide an added contribution to limiting COVID-19 severity, based on observations of protective immunity for other human respiratory viral infection”
- Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021, critical): “The vaccine also had only moderate efficacy in a nonhuman primate protection study (Doremalen et al., 2020), and this vaccine does not incorporate a stabilized Spike.”