Is commercialization good or bad for science? Individual-level evidence from the Max Planck Society

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Industry Funding of University Research and Scientific Productivity (2011, unknown): “Numerous studies, however, find a positive correlation between academic patenting and journal publications suggesting that publishing and patenting are complementary as research outcomes may be disclosed through both mechanisms (Ducor 2000; Agrawal and Henderson 2002; Mowery et al. 2001; Azoulay et ”
Breaking the Ivory Tower: Academic Entrepreneurship in the Life Sciences in UK and Germany (2011, background): “For example, Buenstorf (2009) finds a strong association among directors at Germany’s Max Planck Institutes.”
Spatial Heterogeneity in Knowledge, Innovation, and Economic Growth Nexus: Conceptual Reflections and Empirical Evidence (2014, background): “The correlation matrix is available in Appendix A. 6Self-employment may be in fact not only the outcome of innovation- and market-related opportunities but also of high unemployment and uncertain career prospects or, as largely in underdeveloped economies, of necessity (Buenstorf, 2009).”