Codon optimality, bias and usage in translation and mRNA decay
By Gavin Hanson, J. Coller. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 2017
693 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The advent of ribosome profiling and other tools to probe mRNA translation has revealed that codon bias — the uneven use of synonymous codons in the transcriptome — serves as a secondary genetic code: a code that guides the efficiency of protein production, the fidelity of translation and the metabolism of mRNAs. Recent advancements in our understanding of mRNA decay have revealed a tight coupling between ribosome dynamics and the stability of mRNA transcripts; this coupling integrates codon bias into the concept of codon optimality, or the effects that specific codons and tRNA concentrations have on the efficiency and fidelity of the translation machinery. In this Review, we first discuss the evidence for codon-dependent effects on translation, beginning with the basic mechanisms through which translation perturbation can affect translation efficiency, protein folding and transcript stability. We then discuss how codon effects are leveraged by the cell to tailor the proteome to maintain homeostasis, execute specific gene expression programmes of growth or differentiation and optimize the efficiency of protein production.
Subfields: Molecular Biology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6c2cc3950e1e095bbf358ff50129c0a265fe6a0
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In Molecular Biology
Citations in the corpus
- On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 (2020, positive): “Synonymous substitutions may serve as another layer of genetic regulation, guiding the efficiency of mRNA translation by changing codon usage [23].”
- RNA modifications modulate gene expression during development (2018, neutral): “1B) ( 15, 16 ).”
- Toward a Kinetic Understanding of Eukaryotic Translation. (2018, background): “Although it has not been rigorously explored, one would expect that stalling translation by eEF2 phosphorylation would lead to mRNA decay in a similar way to that observed for other mechanisms of elongation stalling (reviewed in Hanson and Coller 2018; Heck and Wilusz 2018).”