Sex differences in immune responses

By S. Klein, K. Flanagan. Nature reviews. Immunology, 2016

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Cancer statistics, 2023 (2023, background): “These may include height,(32,33) endogenous hormone exposure, and immune function and response.(34) Figure 1 depicts the most common cancers diagnosed in men and women in 2023.”
Impact of genetic polymorphisms on human immune cell gene expression (2018, neutral): “For example, females mount more robust innate and antibody responses to infections and vaccination, but also display increased susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases (Klein and Flanagan, 2016).”
Sexual Dimorphism in Innate Immunity (2019, neutral): “Sexual dimorphisms have been documented in immunity and indeed, clinical manifestations of infectious or autoimmune diseases and malignancy differ between females and males [1, 2].”
Sex-based differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV infection (2017, background): “However, robust immune responses in females may also lead to immunopathology, resulting in fatal outcomes (23, 29, 31).”