The meaning-frequency relationship of words.

By G. Zipf. 1945

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Investigation of Zipf’s ‘law-of-meaning’ on Turkish corpora (2007, background): “Zipf (1945) has stated laws that describe the properties of a language in terms of word frequencies [13].”
Word Sense Disambiguation: The State of the Art (2005, background): “…information for the 570 most common English words; Eaton (1940) compared the frequency of senses in four languages; and Thorndike (1948) and Zipf (1945) determined that there is a positive correlation between the frequency and the number of synonyms of a word, the latter of which is an…”
Changing the World by Changing the Data (2021, background): “3, the distribution of language phenomena tends to be Zipfian (Zipf, 1945), which means that most phenomena are rare and difficult to learn.”
What Defines Language Dominance in Bilinguals? (2019, background): “Frequent words, in particular, often have multiple meanings (Zipf 1945), and it is generally the context in which they are used that helps to identify the intended meaning (Firth et al. 1957).”
Temporal properties of spontaneous speech - a syllable-centric perspective (2003, background): “" This relationship was originally formulated for written text (Zipf, 1945; Mandelbrot, 1953), and has more recently been extended to spoken forms (Greenberg, 1999; Batliner et al., 2001; Bell et al., 2002).”