Microalgal bioreactors: Challenges and opportunities

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Microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors: An overview of light characteristics (2014, background): “However, due to the poor control of culture conditions, low CO2 fixation efficiency, and low biomass productivity [87], closed PBR show great potential.”
Resources for fish feed in future mariculture (2011, background): “Most of the cultivation is undertaken in SE Asia, where one major location is Sanggou Bay, Shandong Province (60 000 t of Laminaria japonica; Zhang et al. 2009).”
Microalgae biofuels: A critical review of issues, problems and the way forward. (2012, background): “An effective culture system should consist of the following criteria: (1) effective illumination area, (2) optimal gas–liquid transfer, (3) easy to operate, (4) low contamination level, (5) low capital and production cost and (6) minimal land area requirement (Xu et al., 2009).”
Optofluidics for energy applications (2011, background): “The result is that relatively low bacteria concentrations can be employed and flow is required to circulate bacteria through the section of the reactor that receives the appropriate radiatio”