Two Forces in the Development of Relational Similarity

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The Challenges of Scientific Literacy: From the viewpoint of second‐generation cognitive science (2006, background): “Analogy is perceptually grounded in the sense that the direct or indirect source for most analogies is perceptual and motor experience (di Sessa, 1993 ; Lakoff & Johnson, 1999 ), and students initially map sources to targets on the basis of their perceptually similar features (Gentner, Ratterman, ”
The Development of Proportional Reasoning: Effect of Continuous Versus Discrete Quantities (2007, methodology): “Finally, using an analogical reasoning task, Goswami (1989) found that 4-year-old children could match proportional amounts of different geometric shapes. For example, if children were shown a picture where one-half of a circle matches one-half of a rectangle, then children could judge that one-four”
Metaphor is like analogy (2001, background): “) The partial-identity assumption is also psychologically advantageous in modeling the phenomenon of re-representation (e.g., Centner et al. 1997; Centner et al. 1995).”
Cognitive Processes of Opportunity Recognition: The Role of Structural Alignment (2010, background): “Superficial features relate to the basic “parts” of a mental representation, along with their attributes and characteristics (Gentner et al. 1995, p. 271).”