Environmental Kuznets Curve time series application for Turkey: Why controversial results exist for similar models?

By Onur Tutulmaz. 2015

110 citations recorded by the source corpus.

This paper investigates the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis using 40 year spanned time series for the Turkey case. CO2 emission series representing environmental pressure and GDP per capita values representing economic development are used for the period 1968–2007. A cointegration has been determined among nonstationary series. First phases of an inverted U form EKC relationship have been determined for Turkey from the econometric estimations. This result is conflicting with that of the similar models for Turkey case. On the other hand, this conflict refers the important arguments in the literature and constitutes the main points of the paper. Sensitivity critiques (for example, Ahking et al.) for cointegration tests (Johansen and Engle–Granger tests) have been supported in our study. Moreover, we detected important diversion in results according to drift and trend assumptions both in CI vector and EKC model specifications. We conclude that building EKC model according to cointegration (CI) equation restrictions can be important source for diversion when sensitivity exists in estimations and cointegration tests; therefore, EKC estimations should be held in non-restrictive way. The additional structural reasons have been also discussed for developing country EKC cases. The most important one is that the narrow income sample of developing countries makes it possible to be defined by similar but different paths; therefore, policy implications to be drawn from those analyses should not ignore this feature of developing country analyses.

Subfields: Economics and Econometrics, Environmental Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a59dc23166a738c7d9ef1cc2f52e2d377beb98f0

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Citations in the corpus

The impact of economic development on environmental degradation in Qatar (2016, background): “The relationship between environmental quality and economic growth is well-known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC, hence after), (Tutulmaz 2015; Esteve and Tamarit 2012; Jaunky 2011; Grossman and Krueger 1991).”
Effect of economic growth on CO2 emission in developing countries: Evidence from a dynamic panel threshold model (2017, background): “CO2 emissions are one of the most applied emissions in Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) applications (Tutulmaz, 2015) which this study intends to test.”
The environmental Kuznets curve in Indonesia: Exploring the potential of renewable energy (2016, background): “…(Bölük and Mert, 2015; Iwata et al., 2010; Kaika and Zervas, 2013a; Saboori and Sulaiman, 2013; Saboori et al., 2012a; Saboori et al., 2012b; Tutulmaz, 2015) tests the validity of the EKC hypothesis by employing squared or cubic functional forms of income—environmental quality models to…”
Co2 emission and economic growth in Algeria (2016, background): “Among the studies referring to individual MENA countries, most refer to Tunisia (M'henni, 2005; Fodha and Zaghdoud, 2010; Shahbaz et al., 2014; Farhani et al., 2014b), and to Turkey (Akbostanci et al., 2009; Ozturk, and Acaravci, 2010; Tutulmaz, 2015).”
Impact of corruption in public sector on environmental quality: Implications for sustainability in BRICS and next 11 countries (2019, background): “Tutulmaz (2015) tests EKC through different models and compare the results.”