Subtype-specific alterations of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in patients with major depression.

By G. Sanacora, Ralitza Gueorguieva, C. N. Epperson, Yu-Te Wu, Michael Appel, D. Rothman, John H. Krystal, G. Mason. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2004

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Enhanced visual motion perception in Major Depressive Disorder (2009, background): “We suggest that these differences are related to a documented dysfunction of cortical GABA in this population (Sanacora et al., 1999; Sanacora et al., 2004; Bhagwagar et al., 2007; Bhagwagar et al., 2008).”
Towards a glutamate hypothesis of depression (2011, background): “…and parietal/occipital regions have been found to be elevated in medication-free major depression subjects in an active depressive episode (Sanacora et al., 2004), in remission (Bhagwagar et al., 2007), and most recently in young people with increased familiar risk for major depression…”
Reduced prefrontal glutamate/glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in major depression determined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (2007, neutral): “4) [4-43] Episode duration, mean (SD) [range], mo 140 (130) [15-480] Total illness duration, mean (SD) [range], y 18.”