Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Medical Therapy: Part I

By M. Creager, T. F. Lüscher, F. Cosentino, Joshua A. Beckman. Circulation, 2003

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Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2020, background): “Chronic hyperglycemia induces endothelial dysfunction through a variety of mechanisms such as by reducing vasodilation, increasing vasoconstriction, increasing exposure to free radicals and impairing endothelial cell function, with a net effect of facilitating pro-atherogenic conditions [238].”
Endothelial Dysfunction and Diabetes: Effects on Angiogenesis, Vascular Remodeling, and Wound Healing (2012, background): “Hyperglycemia results in BH4 deficiency and eNOS dysfunction characterized by a decrease in NO with a concomitant increase in superoxide production [111, 142, 143].”
ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (2006, neutral): “Diabetes is a major risk factor for premature and accelerated atherosclerosis, resulting in an increased incidence of MI, stroke, and death compared with a similar age- and gender-matched population without diabetes.(95) The management of atherosclerotic complications that predispose to ventricular ”