X‐ray observations of MeV electron precipitation with a balloon‐borne germanium spectrometer

By Robyn Millan, R. Lin, David M. Smith, K. R. Lorentzen, M. McCarthy. 2002

149 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a3a529a0b57eda0efdef1e791c1d88d052882c77

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

Citations in the corpus

Origin of energetic electron precipitation >30 keV into the atmosphere (2010, methodology): “istic precipitation associated with scattering by EMIC waves has been observed using X‐ray observations from balloons [Foat et al., 1998; Lorentzen et al., 2000; Millan et al., 2002] and using SAMPEX [e.”
Precipitation of radiation belt electrons by EMIC waves, observed from ground and space (2008, background): “, 2008], and observations of MeV electron precipitation from ground and satellites have been suggestive of electron scattering caused by EMIC waves [Lorentzen et al., 2000;Millan et al., 2002; Sandanger et al., 2007].”
Quantification of relativistic electron microburst losses during the GEM storms (2004, background): “We note that the microbursts under consideration are much shorter than the longer (minutes to hours) precipitation phenomena that have been tentatively associated with electromagnetic ion-cyclotron (EMIC) waves [Lorentzen et al., 2000; Millan et al., 2002], but which may also play a substantial role”
Outward radial diffusion driven by losses at magnetopause (2006, background): “…traverse the dusk side region of intense EMIC waves, but may produce very rapid precipitation events which are strongly localized in MLT. Precipitation due to EMIC waves may be also related to the bursts of hard X rays seen by balloon-borne instruments [Lorentzen et al., 2000; Millan et al., 2002].”
Relativistic electron precipitation by EMIC waves from self‐consistent global simulations (2008, background): “to the atmosphere [e.g., Millan et al., 2002; Onsager et al., 2002; Green et al., 2004; Sandanger et al., 2007].”
The Upgraded CARISMA Magnetometer Array in the THEMIS Era (2008, background): “It has also been inferred from balloon observations of X-ray emissions in the dusk sector that EMIC waves can cause precipitation of MeV energy electrons (Foat et al. 1998; Millan et al. 2002) usually during storm recovery phase.”
Relativistic electron pitch-angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves during geomagnetic storms (2003, background): “Localized regions of intense relativistic electron precipitation should be observed predominantly in the dusk sector [e.g., Millan, 2002] where the EMIC wave scattering is most effective.”
Dynamic evolution of energetic outer zone electrons due to wave‐particle interactions during storms (2007, background): “In addition, recent studies [Lorentzen et al., 2000, 2001; Millan et al., 2002; Thorne et al., 2005b] have shown that losses can occur on timescales comparable to or even shorter than those associated with acceleration processes.”
Observation of two distinct, rapid loss mechanisms during the 20 November 2003 radiation belt dropout event (2006, background): “observations of hard X rays by balloon-borne instruments [Millan et al., 2002].”
On the storm‐time evolution of relativistic electron phase space density in Earth's outer radiation belt (2013, background): “…low-Earth orbits (LEO) [e.g., O’Brien et al., 2004; Meredith et al., 2011] and can also be observed indirectly via highaltitude balloons that detect Bremsstrahlung X-rays produced by collisions between relativistic electrons and neutral particles in Earth’s atmosphere [e.g., Millan et al., 2002].”
Statistical analysis of relativistic electron energies for cyclotron resonance with EMIC waves observed on CRRES (2003, background): “Intense relativistic precipitation fluxes have also been observed during the storm recovery [ Lorentzen et al. , 2001; Millan et al. , 2002], and such loss will compete with any potential injection or acceleration process.”
Energetic Particle Influence on the Earth’s Atmosphere (2015, methodology): “The first quantitative comparison of precipitating and geomagnetically trapped electrons was presented by Millan et al. (2007) based upon MAXIS balloon measurement at L=4.7 on 19-20 January 2000 (Millan et al. 2002).”
Dynamics of the Earth’s Particle Radiation Environment (2009, background): “Moreover, scattering of relativistic electrons by EMIC waves can also drive the X-ray bursts in the ionosphere (Lorentzen et al. 2000; Millan et al. 2002, 2007).”