Observation of two distinct, rapid loss mechanisms during the 20 November 2003 radiation belt dropout event

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On the storm‐time evolution of relativistic electron phase space density in Earth's outer radiation belt (2013, background): “The outer belt population is particularly dynamic during geomagnetic storms, when magnetospheric activity levels peak [e.g., Baker et al., 1998; Bortnik et al., 2006].”
Radiation belt dynamics: The importance of wave‐particle interactions (2010, background): “EMIC waves can also cause the resonant scattering of relativistic electrons leading potentially to rapid loss during the main phase of a storm [Thorne and Kennel, 1971; Bortnik et al., 2006].”
Origin of energetic electron precipitation >30 keV into the atmosphere (2010, methodology): “On the duskside, relativistic precipitation associated with scattering by EMIC waves has been observed using X‐ray observations from balloons [Foat et al., 1998; Lorentzen et al., 2000; Millan et al., 2002] and using SAMPEX [e.g., Bortnik et al., 2006].”
Global characteristics of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves: Occurrence rate and its storm dependence (2013, background): “The cyclotron resonance scattering is currently considered one of the leading loss mechanisms of radiation belt electrons [e.g., Onsager et al., 2002; Green et al., 2004; Bortnik et al., 2006; Onsager et al., 2007; Borovsky and Denton, 2009; Ebihara and Miyoshi, 2011; Turner et al., 2012], although ”