Towards a dynamic balance between humans and automation: authority, ability, responsibility and control in shared and cooperative control situations
By F. Flemisch, Matthias Heesen, Tobias Hesse, J. Kelsch, Anna Schieben, Johannes Beller. Cognition, Technology & Work, 2012
306 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Progress enables the creation of more automated and intelligent machines with increasing abilities that open up new roles between humans and machines. Only with a proper design for the resulting cooperative human–machine systems, these advances will make our lives easier, safer and enjoyable rather than harder and miserable. Starting from examples of natural cooperative systems, the paper investigates four cornerstone concepts for the design of such systems: ability, authority, control and responsibility, as well as their relationship to each other and to concepts like levels of automation and autonomy. Consistency in the relations between these concepts is identified as an important quality for the system design. A simple graphical tool is introduced that can help to visualize the cornerstone concepts and their relations in a single diagram. Examples from the automotive domain, where a cooperative guidance and control of highly automated vehicles is under investigation, demonstrate the application of the concepts and the tool. Transitions in authority and control, e.g. initiated by changes in the ability of human or machine, are identified as key challenges. A sufficient consistency of the mental models of human and machines, not only in the system use but also in the design and evaluation, can be a key enabler for a successful dynamic balance between humans and machines.
Subfields: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Social Psychology, Surgery
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a336022539935f08c06eeb40b7354d9e09b3faad
How researchers see this paper
The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.
In Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
In Social Psychology
Citations in the corpus
- Human factors of transitions in automated driving: A general framework and literature survey (2016, background): “In a review article, Flemisch et al. (2012) described the relationships between driver ability, responsibility, and control.”
- The effect of urgency of take-over requests during highly automated driving under distraction conditions (2014, background): “The introduction of such new vehicle applications on motorways is likely to cause a fundamental change to the nature of the driving task (Flemisch et al., 2012).”