Glassy Carbon as an Absolute Intensity Calibration Standard for Small-Angle Scattering

By Fan Zhang, J. Ilavsky, G. Long, J. Quintana, A. Allen, P. Jemian. 2010

389 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Absolute calibration of small-angle scattering (SAS) intensity data (measured in terms of the differential scattering cross section per unit sample volume per unit solid angle) is essential for many important aspects of quantitative SAS analysis, such as obtaining the number density, volume fraction, and specific surface area of the scatterers. It also enables scattering data from different instruments (light, X-ray, or neutron scattering) to be combined, and it can even be useful to detect the existence of artifacts in the experimental data. Different primary or secondary calibration methods are available. In the latter case, absolute intensity calibration requires a stable artifact with the necessary scattering profile. Glassy carbon has sometimes been selected as this intensity calibration standard. Here we review the spatial homogeneity and temporal stability of one type of commercially available glassy carbon that is being used as an intensity calibration standard at a number of SAS facilities. We demonstrate that glassy carbon is sufficiently homogeneous and stable during routine use to be relied upon as a suitable standard for absolute intensity calibration of SAS data.

Subfields: Geophysics, Materials Chemistry, Radiation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a243d63670053dae03e1ed190048de8b37a5e818

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Citations in the corpus

The AMPIX electrochemical cell: a versatile apparatus for in situ X-ray scattering and spectroscopic measurements (2012, background): “Scattering data obtained using different instruments or collected at different conditions can be combined (Zhang et al., 2010).”
BioXTAS RAW: improvements to a free open-source program for small-angle X-ray scattering data reduction and analysis (2017, methodology): “…(Franke et al., 2015), available as a tool for the user and carried out automatically when averaging profiles; absolute scaling using glassy carbon (Zhang et al., 2010; Allen et al., 2017); and normalized and dimensionless Kratky plotting (Durand et al., 2010; Rambo & Tainer, 2011;…”
ATSAS 2.8: a comprehensive data analysis suite for small-angle scattering from macromolecular solutions (2017, positive): “Absolute calibration is most commonly performed using water (Orthaber et al., 2000) or calibrated glassy carbon (Zhang et al., 2010).”