Genes and Stigma: The Connection Between Perceived Genetic Etiology and Attitudes and Beliefs About Mental Illness

By J. Phelan, Rosangely Cruz-rojas, Marian Reiff. 2002

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Genetic Essentialism: On the Deceptive Determinism of DNA (2011, background): “For example, Phelan et al. (2002) found that people who made stronger genetic attributions for schizophrenia perceived an afflicted individual as less of an active agent in the disease’s onset.”
Essentially Biased: Why People Are Fatalistic About Genes (2017, background): “their unwarranted symptomatic behaviors in the face of biological/genetic explanations (e.g., Phelan, 2005; Phelan et al., 2002).”
the ChemiCal imbalanCe explanation of Depression: reDuCing blame at What Cost? (2009, background): “in studies comparing the effects of biological and psychological explanations of mental illness on expected prognosis, biologically-caused mental health problems are rated as less curable, less likely to respond to treatment, more likely to require intensive and long-term professional help, and more”
EDUCATION AND MENTAL HEALTH STIGMA: THE EFFECTS OF ATTRIBUTION, BIASED ASSIMILATION, AND ATTITUDE POLARIZATION (2008, background): “, 2006; Read & Harré, 2001), unpredictability (Read & Harré, 2001), poor prognosis (Phelan et al., 2002; Phelan, Yang, & Cruz–Rojas, 2006), and family risk (Phelan et al.”