Recent, substantial, and unexplained declines of the common toad Bufo bufo in lowland England

By J. Carrier, T. Beebee. 2003

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How researchers see this paper

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Biodiversity and extinction (2007, unknown): “Here we highlight evidence of declines for species in three selected higher taxa (for other examples, see Carrier and Beebee, 2003; Poole and Downing, 2004; Pergams and Nyberg, 2005; Lehtinen and Skinner, 2006) – insects, fish and birds.”
Amphibian road mortality in Europe: a meta-analysis with new data from Poland (2009, background): “Species differences The common toads and common frogs are the most abundant and ecologically versatile anurans, and both species often breed in the same ponds (Schlüpmann and Günther 1996; Babik and Rafiński 2001; Carrier and Beebee 2003; Cooke and Sparks 2004).”
Behavioural responses to human‐induced environmental change (2011, background): “The common frog (Rana temporaria), for instance, has survived urbanisation in south-east England better than the large common toad (Bufo bufo), probably due to common frogs being able to use garden ponds in urban and suburban areas, while toads are not (Carrier & Beebee, 2003).”
Spring migration distances of some Central European amphibian species (2009, unknown): “Numerous pieces of information have been published for European species, but the data have been produced using different methodologies.”