Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.

By Donald M. Bers. Annual Review of Physiology, 2008

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Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: a translational appraisal. (2011, background): “Mechanisms of excitation coupling in atria and ventricles have been expertly reviewed in great detail elsewhere (46, 55).”
Abnormal Calcium Handling Properties Underlie Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Pathology in Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2013, background): “Overexpression of the Arg663His Mutation in Normal hESC-CMs Recapitulates Calcium Handling Abnormalities of HCM iPSC-CMs Calcium (Ca) plays a fundamental role in regulation of excitation-contraction coupling and electrophysiological signaling in the heart (Bers, 2008).”
Doctoral Dissertation (2019, background): “The faster relaxation combined with the increased Ca levels facilitates a faster and more powerful contraction.(53,69) However, the increased contractility comes at a price, cardiac efficacy is decreased as the oxygen consumption goes up.”