An Overview of the Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy

By Zhifen Yang, D. Klionsky. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 2009

811 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process in which portions of cytosol and organelles are sequestered into a double-membrane vesicle, an autophagosome, and delivered into a degradative organelle, the vacuole/lysosome, for breakdown and eventual recycling of the resulting macromolecules. This process relieves the cell from various stress conditions. Autophagy plays a critical role during cellular development and differentiation, functions in tumor suppression, and may be linked to life span extension. Autophagy also has diverse roles in innate and adaptive immunity, such as resistance to pathogen invasion. Substantial progress has been made in the identification of many autophagy-related (ATG) genes that are essential to drive this cellular process, including both selective and nonselective types of autophagy. Identification of the ATG genes in yeast, and the finding of orthologs in other organisms, reveals the conservation of the autophagic machinery in all eukaryotes. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the machinery and molecular mechanism of autophagy.

Subfields: Cell Biology, Epidemiology, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9eeff95d15dfd4daddecfa513ea7f2cf219a7d09

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Citations in the corpus

Nutritional Control of Growth and Development in Yeast (2012, background): “Autophagy is highly responsive to the nutritional status of the cells, transmitted predominantly through the TORC1 and PKA pathways (Yang and Klionsky 2009).”
Glycogen and its metabolism: some new developments and old themes. (2012, background): “Autophagy comprises a family of processes initially described as a mechanism for random recycling of cellular materials under conditions of nutritional deprivation [214,215].”
An Overview of Autophagy: Morphology, Mechanism, and Regulation (2014, background): “The product of fusion between an autophagosome and lysosome in mammalian cells is referred to as an autolysosome (152).”
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation (2009, background): “Atg13 is phosphorylated in a TORC1dependent manner and the phosphorylation state of Atg13 modulates its binding to Atg1 and Atg17; inactivation of TORC1 leads to dephosphorylation of Atg13, increasing Atg1-Atg13Atg17 complex formation and activating autophagy [4,9].”
The Microbiome and Butyrate Regulate Energy Metabolism and Autophagy in the Mammalian Colon (2011, neutral): “In response to nutrient deprivation, AMPK activation induces autophagy, which is a catabolic process where the cell degrades its own cellular components in an attempt to maintain energy homeostasis (He and Klionsky, 2009; Yang and Klionsky, 2009).”
Mitochondrial outer-membrane protein FUNDC1 mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy in mammalian cells (2012, methodology): “(c) HeLa cells were transfected with (Flag)N-Fundc1(1-155)-C(Myc) or (Flag)N-Fundc1(1-139)C(Myc) vectors, respectively.”
Cell Death Pathways in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer (2011, background): “Shortly thereafter, the first mammalian autophagy genes were identified [112].”
Galectin-8 targets damaged vesicles for autophagy to defend cells against bacterial invasion (2012, neutral): “ppt"/> Autophagy defends the mammalian cytosol against bacterial infectio”