Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere

By Dave Fritts, M. Alexander. 2003

2,470 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atmospheric Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9e86da2cc630d583cd94c21c949fa7fd219afa66

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Citations in the corpus

Mesosphere inversion layers and stratosphere temperature enhancements (2004, background): “[Holton, 1992; Alexander and Pfister, 1995; Alexander et al., 1995; Alexander, 1996; Holton and Alexander, 2000].”
Thermosphere extension of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (2010, neutral): “As their amplitudes grow exponentially with altitude, they will cause larger variability before they become unstable and break [e.g., Fritts and Alexander, 2003, and references therein].”
Variability and predictability of the space environment as related to lower atmosphere forcing (2016, neutral): “Ground-based observations, such as radar, lidar, all-sky imagers, radiosonde, and rockets, have been used to infer GW characteristics, seasonal variation, and vertical profiles of momentum fluxes [e.g., Fritts and Alexander, 2003].”
Toward a Physically Based Gravity Wave Source Parameterization in a General Circulation Model (2010, background): “This process occurs on very small scales and is not understood thoroughly [see the review by Fritts and Alexander (2003) and references therein].”
Retrieval of stratospheric temperatures from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder radiance measurements for gravity wave studies (2009, background): “profound effects on the circulation, temperature structure, and chemistry of the middle atmosphere [Lindzen, 1973; Fritts and Alexander, 2003; Eyring et al., 2007].”
Wave capture and wave–vortex duality (2005, background): “It is noteworthy that values of ω̂ close to f appear to be commonplace in the oceans and the atmosphere (e.g. Garrett & Munk 1975; Polzin 2004; Fritts & Alexander 2003 and references therein), where for long data records the observed wave energy spectrum typically peaks at or near f , so ubiquitous…”
The deep propagating gravity wave experiment (deepwave): an airborne and ground-based exploration of gravity wave propagation and effects from their sources throughout the lower and middle atmosphere (2016, background): “…1969a,b; Booker and Bretherton 1967; Gossard and Hooke 1975; Smith 1980; Nappo 2013); 2) GW sources, characteristics, and responses (Fritts 1984; Fritts and Alexander 2003); 3) GW refraction, mean flow interactions, and responses (Lindzen and Holton 1968; Holton 1982; Garcia and Solomon 1985;…”
Review of wave‐turbulence interactions in the stable atmospheric boundary layer (2015, background): “…SABL; therefore, we do not consider the low-frequency inertia-gravity waves from geostrophic adjustment [e.g., Blumen, 1972; Fritts and Luo, 1992; Fritts and Alexander, 2003], atmospheric jets and fronts [e.g., Mastrantonio et al., 1976; Chimonas and Grant, 1984; Plougonven and Zhang, 2014], or…”
An overview of the past, present and future of gravity‐wave drag parametrization for numerical climate and weather prediction models (2003, methodology): “Readers needing more detailed background on atmospheric gravity waves can find it in various texts (e.g., Gossard and Hooke, 1975; Gill, 1982; Andrews et al., 1987; Baines, 1995) and review articles (Smith, 1979, 2001; Fritts, 1984; Hamilton, 1998; Fritts and Alexander, 2003).”
Investigation of inertia-gravity waves in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere over northern Germany observed with collocated VHF/UHF radars (2004, neutral): “For a review on the current knowledge on gravity waves we refer to Fritts and Alexander(2003).”
Global Ray Tracing Simulations of the SABER Gravity Wave Climatology (2009, methodology): “The GCM was run continuously from January 2002 to December 2004 and has been used, for example, to analyze tides [Oberheide et al., 2006].”
Thermospheric responses to gravity waves: Influences of increasing viscosity and thermal diffusivity (2005, background): “Significant responses result in regions where these GWs dissipate, among them closure of the mesospheric jets, a cold polar summer mesopause and warm polar winter mesopause, and turbulent mixing and transport of heat, momentum, and constituents (see the recent review by Fritts and Alexander [2003]).”
Inertia–Gravity Waves Spontaneously Generated by Jets and Fronts. Part I: Different Baroclinic Life Cycles (2007, background): “This point, already noted by O’Sullivan and Dunker-ton (1995), is worth emphasizing again because of the importance of the phase speed of gravity waves for the parameterizations of these waves in global models (Fritts and Alexander 2003).”
Geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics beyond the traditional approximation (2008, methodology): “[46] In the atmosphere, internal waves are particularly important in relatively strongly stratified layers such as the stratosphere [Fritts and Alexander, 2003]. In the ocean, they have vertical amplitudes as large as tens, or even hundreds, of meters and periods that range, roughly, from minutes to”
Implications for atmospheric dynamics derived from global observations of gravity wave momentum flux in stratosphere and mesosphere (2011, background): “…altitude is expected because GW amplitudes grow with altitude until saturation and, as short vertical wavelength waves saturate at lower altitudes, the GW spectrum at higher altitudes is more and more dominated by longer vertical wavelength waves [e.g., Fritts and VanZandt, 1993; Gardner, 1994].”
A global view of stratospheric gravity wave hotspots located with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder observations (2012, background): “Other sources that are important, at least for certain meteorological conditions, are wind shear, adjustment of unbalanced flows near jet streams and frontal systems, body forcing accompanying localized wave dissipation, and wave-wave interaction [Fritts and Alexander, 2003; Vadas et al., 2003; Wu a”
Implementation of a gravity wave source spectrum parameterization dependent on the properties of convection in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) (2005, background): “Gravity waves in the extratropics are generated by several tropospheric sources such as convection, jet stream instability, and flow over the mountains [ Fritts and Alexander, 2003 ].”
On the origins of mesospheric gravity waves (2009, background): “Since then, our knowledge of gravity waves has been greatly improved through high-resolution observations by radars, radiosondes and satellites, and gravity waves are now recognized as one of the essential components in the earth climate system [e.g., Fritts and Alexander, 2003 ].”