A global view of stratospheric gravity wave hotspots located with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder observations

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Internal gravity waves from atmospheric jets and fronts (2014, background): “because many gravity wave hotspots are tied to orogaphic features [Hoffmann et al., 2013].”
Multisensor profiling of a concentric gravity wave event propagating from the troposphere to the ionosphere (2015, methodology): “The AIRS brightness temperature minimum above the Texas storms was close to 200 K, well below climatological zonal-mean tropopause temperatures of 210 to 215 K [Hoffmann et al., 2013], implying deep convection overshooting the tropopause in this region.”
Internal wave coupling processes in Earth's atmosphere (2014, unknown): “These harmonics are especially important in the stratosphere, where they are responsible for “hot spots” of wave activity that are tied up to particular geographical locations (Hoffmann et al., 2013).”