Why university inventions rarely produce income? Bottlenecks in university technology transfer

By P. Swamidass, Venubabu Vulasa. 2009

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Performance of technology transfer offices in Germany (2011, unknown): “…scientists, and lawyers within the TTO personnel is highlighted by Siegel et al. (2003), Chapple et al. (2005), and Carlsson and Fridh (2002) or Swamidass and Vulasa (2009), since many collaborations fail primarily because of differences in modes of operation, culture, lack of trust, and…”
University support and the creation of technology and non-technology academic spin-offs (2016, background): “When a university’s resources are scarce, the technology transfer activity as a third, non-core mission is frequently sacrificed (Swamidass and Vulasa 2009).”
Conceptualizing academic entrepreneurship ecosystems: a review, analysis and extension of the literature (2018, background): “…is that TTOs’ IP protection mission pri-oritizes revenue generation over entrepreneurial activity (Fini et al. 2009, 2017; Markman et al. 2004; Swamidass and Vulasa 2009), industry engagement (Perkmann et al. 2013) and relationship-building between universities and industry (Clarysse et al.…”
Managing and incentivizing research commercialization in Chinese Universities (2010, background): “TTOs play important roles managing the long process of knowledge transfer, and their personnel skills and governance structure matter (O’Shea et al. 2008, Swamidass and Vulasa 2008; Woolgar 2007).”