Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase increases mitochondrial enzymes in skeletal muscle.

By W. Winder, B. Holmes, D. S. Rubink, E. B. Jensen, M. Chen, J. Holloszy. Journal of applied physiology, 2000

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AMP-activated protein kinase: an energy sensor that regulates all aspects of cell function. (2011, background): “Thus, chronic activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle for 4 wk, by repeated administration of AICAR to rats (Winder et al. 2000) or mice (Narkar et al. 2008), led to the up-regulation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes and, in the mouse study, improved endurance in treadmill running tests.”
AMP‐activated protein kinase – development of the energy sensor concept (2006, background): “As well as these acute effects on glucose and fatty acid oxidation, AMPK also up-regulates mitochondrial biogenesis (Winder et al. 2000), thus increasing the capacity of tissues for aerobic production of ATP.”
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetes: From Molecular Mechanisms to Functional Significance and Therapeutic Opportunities (2010, positive): “Pharmacologic activation of AMPK, like resveratrol, increases PGC-1 a , favoring mitochondrial biogenesis (28, 329).”