Neurotoxic Effects and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: A Review
By Talia Sanders, Yiming Liu, V. Buchner, Paul B. Tchounwou. Reviews on Environmental Health, 2009
934 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Biological monitoring techniques are useful for risk assessment of toxic agents in the field of environmental health. Lead, a systemic toxicant affecting virtually every organ system, primarily affects the central nervous system, particularly the developing brain. Consequently, children are at a greater risk than adults of suffering from the neurotoxic effects of lead. The ability of lead to pass through the blood-brain barrier is due in large part to its ability to substitute for calcium ions. Within the brain, lead-induced damage in the prefrontal cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, such as brain damage, mental retardation, behavioral problems, nerve damage, and possibly Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia. At the molecular level, lead interferes with the regulatory action of calcium on cell functions and disrupts many intracellular biological activities. Experimental studies have also shown that lead exposure may have genotoxic effects, especially in the brain, bone marrow, liver, and lung cells. This paper presents an overview of biomarkers of lead exposure and discusses the neurotoxic effects of lead with regard to children, adults, and experimental animals, updated to January 2009.
Subfields: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Nutrition and Dietetics, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/99a778b9be2748a23731925a21ce2e6e97dfed40
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Citations in the corpus
- Lead toxicity: a review (2015, background): “With increased lead exposure in children, an increase in neuropsychiatric disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and antisocial behaviour were found (Sanders et al., 2009).”
- Gray Matters: Fetal Pollution Exposure and Human Capital Formation (2017, background): “A notable exception is the literature focused on exposure to lead, a neurotoxin with welldocumented impacts on brain development even at modest concentration levels (Sanders et al. 2009).”
- Plant mediated detoxification of mercury and lead (2017, background): “…et al., 2007), damages mitochondria (Devi et al., 2005) and membrane integrity (Villeda-Hernández et al., 2001) and inhibits anti-oxidative enzymes (Godwin, 2001), finally leading to apoptosis, excitotoxicity, disruption of the blood brain barrier and neurodegeneration (Sanders et al., 2009).”
- Toxicity of lead: A review with recent updates (2012, background): “…neuropathy, involving reduced motor activity due to loss of myelin sheath which insulates the nerves, thus seriously impairing the transduction of nerve impulses, causing muscular weakness, especially of the exterior muscles, fatigue and lack of muscular coordination (Sanders et al., 2009).”