Hosts and Sources of Endemic Human Coronaviruses

By V. Corman, D. Muth, Daniela Niemeyer, Christian Drosten. 2018

909 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The four endemic human coronaviruses HCoV-229E, -NL63, -OC43, and -HKU1 contribute a considerable share of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults and children. While their clinical representation resembles that of many other agents of the common cold, their evolutionary histories, and host associations could provide important insights into the natural history of past human pandemics. For two of these viruses, we have strong evidence suggesting an origin in major livestock species while primordial associations for all four viruses may have existed with bats and rodents. HCoV-NL63 and -229E may originate from bat reservoirs as assumed for many other coronaviruses, but HCoV-OC43 and -HKU1 seem more likely to have speciated from rodent-associated viruses. HCoV-OC43 is thought to have emerged from ancestors in domestic animals such as cattle or swine. The bovine coronavirus has been suggested to be a possible ancestor, from which HCoV-OC43 may have emerged in the context of a pandemic recorded historically at the end of the 19th century. New data suggest that HCoV-229E may actually be transferred from dromedary camels similar to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus. This scenario provides important ecological parallels to the present prepandemic pattern of host associations of the MERS coronavirus.

Subfields: Animal Science and Zoology, Infectious Diseases

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Citations in the corpus

Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR (2020, result): “The relative ease with which assays could be designed for this virus, in contrast to SARS-CoV in 2003, proves the huge collective value of descriptive studies of disease ecology and viral genome diversity [8,15-17].”
Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study (2020, background): “In particular, bats are regarded as a key reservoir of CoVs, and many human CoVs are believed to have originated from bats.([5,6]) Since the beginning of this century, two zoonotic CoVs, SARSCoV and MERS-CoV, have been identified to cause severe human diseases.”
Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Affect the Eyes? A Review of Coronaviruses and Ocular Implications in Humans and Animals (2020, background): “229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1 have been known to cause mainly selflimiting upper respiratory tract infections which present with symptoms such as runny nose, sore throat, fever, and cough.(15) However, in instances of immunocompromise or underlying cardiopulmonary disease, they can cause pneumonia or b”
Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19 (2020, background): “During the SARS pandemic in 2002 and 2003, the first hints pointed to a zoonotic origin of the SARS-CoV, with civets as the suspected natural source of human infection [22].”
The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 (2020, methodology): “Importantly, the criteria used to define a viral species in one virus family such as Coronaviridae may not be applicable to another family such as Retroviridae, and vice versa, since Study Groups are independent in their approach to virus classification.”
The cytokine storm and COVID‐19 (2020, background): “SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and SARS‐CoV‐2 cause severe pneumonia, while other human coronaviruses, including 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63, cause only the common cold.(6) SARS‐CoV‐2 belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, which also includes SARS‐CoV and MERS‐ CoV, both of which have caused SARS and MERS, respe”
Structural Basis for RNA Replication by the SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase (2020, neutral): “, hCoV-OC43, HKU1, and 229E, usually cause mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illnesses (Corman et al., 2018).”