Cellular basis of working memory.

By Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic. 1995

In the presence of normal sensory and motor capacity, intelligent behavior is widely acknowledged to develop from the interaction of shortand long-term memory. While the behavioral, cellular, and molecular underpinnings of the long-term memory process have long been associated with the hippocampal formation, and this structure has become a major model system for the study of memory (Bliss and Lomo, 1973; McNaughton and Nadel, 1990; Squire and Zola-Morgan, 1991), the neural substrates of specific short-term memory functions have more and more become identified with prefrontal cortical areas (GoldmanRakic, 1987; Fuster, 1989). The special nature of working memory was first identified in studies of human cognition (e.g., Norman, 1970; Baddeley, 1986), and modern neurobiological methods have identified a specific population of neurons, patterns of their intrinsic and extrinsic circuitry, and signaling molecules that are engaged in this process in animals. In this article, I will first define key features of working memory and then descdbe its biological basis in primates.

Subfields: Neuroscience

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Citations in the corpus

Neural Turing Machines (2014, methodology): “In neuroscience, the working memory process has been ascribed to the functioning of a system composed of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia (Goldman-Rakic, 1995).”
Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function (2009, unknown): “The microcircuitry that subserves spatial working memory in primates has been an attractive model for study, as the anatomy, physiology and neuromodulation of these networks are well characterized owing to the pioneering work of Goldman-Rakic and colleague”
Learning-Related Plasticity in PE1 and Other Mushroom Body-Extrinsic Neurons in the Honeybee Brain (2007, background): “…level [e.g., place cells in the rodent hippocampus (Sutherland and McNaughton, 2000); prefrontal neurons and working memory in primates (Goldman-Rakic, 1995); orbitofrontal neurons in olfactory learning (Rolls et al., 1996); dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmentum of the monkey…”
Brain On Stress: Vulnerability and Plasticity of the Prefrontal Cortex Over the Life Course (2013, unknown): “Working memory refers to ''the ability to keep events in mind'' (Goldman-Rakic, 1995), and the information held in working memory changes as the demands and goals shift from moment to moment (see Figure 1).”
Gamma and beta bursts underlie working memory (2016, unknown): “The ability to keep information available in the absence of sensory input is a key component of working memory (WM) and one of the most studied cognitive functions (Fuster and Alexander, 1971; Goldman-Rakic, 1995; Miller and Cohen, 2001).”
Dynamical principles in neuroscience (2006, background): “Switching between cortical activity states is also under modulatory control, as shown, for example, by the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in working memory in monkeys Goldman-Rakic, 1995 .”
Training attentional control and working memory - Is younger, better? (2012, background): “Perhaps surprisingly, no study to our knowledge has assessed similar transfer of training improvements using younger participants.”
Temporal structure in neuronal activity during working memory in macaque parietal cortex (2000, background): “How this neural activity is sustained is unknown but may be important to understanding the neural basis of working memory (Goldman-Rakic, 1995).”
Prefrontal Microcircuits: Membrane Properties and Excitatory Input of Local, Medium, and Wide Arbor Interneurons (2001, background): “It has been proposed that an interneuron is a necessary intermediary between pyramidal neurons of opposite polarity, a proposition that entails input to an interneuron from a nearby pyramidal neuron and/or common input to both and an output of the interneuron to a distant pyramidal cell ( Goldman-Ra”
Diverse synaptic plasticity mechanisms orchestrated to form and retrieve memories in spiking neural networks (2015, unknown): “4c) we add a second adaptation variable with the same temporal evolution as in equation (4), but with different values for Da and ta.”
Bidirectional Regulation of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Activity by Dopamine D4 Receptors in Prefrontal Cortex (2004, background): “Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a brain region critically involved in the control of cognition, reasoning, perception, and emotion (Goldman-Rakic, 1995).”