Comparing High and Low Residential Density: Life-Cycle Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

By J. Norman, H. Maclean, C. Kennedy. 2006

672 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Building and Construction, Environmental Engineering, Transportation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/97558f2bef4d8ca0f3713687cd63e9b4c9532c68

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Citations in the corpus

The Growth of Urban Building Stock: Unintended Lock‐in and Embedded Environmental Effects (2015, background): “A subset of studies use two to three building types to compare neighborhoods in different areas of a city, with the intent of studying secondary changes from densification (Frijia et al. 2012; Norman et al. 2006; Kimball et al. 2013; Chester et al. 2013; Nahlik and Chester 2014).”
Situated lifestyles: I. How lifestyles change along with the level of urbanization and what the greenhouse gas implications are—a study of Finland (2013, background): “…body of literature demonstrating how higher density offers opportunities for more efﬁcient energy use and lower GHG emissions from transport and housing (Norman et al 2006, VandeWeghe and Kennedy 2007, Jenks and Burgess 2000, Ewing and Cervero 2010, Glaeser and Kahn 2010, Fuller and Crawford 2011).”
Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) Tools: A State-of-the-Art Review of bottom-up physics-based approaches (2020, background): “The nature of these drivers divides this typology of models in three main subcategories: socio-econometric [37,38], technical [39,40], and physical models [20,41].”
The climate mitigation gap: education and government recommendations miss the most effective individual actions (2018, background): “…car-based transport model itself still allows for low-density rural housing developments (Muller 2004), which are associated with twice the emissions per capita of high-density housing (Norman et al 2006) as well as greater consumption and energy use (Ala-Mantila et al 2014, Shammin et al 2010).”
Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools (2012, background): “High-density urban communities have lower per capita energy use and greenhouse emissions than low-density suburban development (30, 31).”
Reply to Second comment on ‘The climate mitigation gap: education and government recommendations miss the most effective individual actions’ (2017, background): “…car-based transport model itself still allows for low-density rural housing developments (Muller 2004), which are associated with twice the emissions per capita of high-density housing (Norman et al 2006) as well as greater consumption and energy use (Ala-Mantila et al 2014, Shammin et al 2010).”
Implications of urban structure on carbon consumption in metropolitan areas (2011, background): “[29, 32, 37]), no clear pattern between the different types of urban structures was found in this study.”
The direct and indirect effect of urbanization on energy intensity: A province-level study for China (2017, result): “This is consistent with Norman et al. (2006) who shows that low density areas have relatively a lower number of public transit users.”
GHG Emissions and the Rural-Urban Divide. A Carbon Footprint Analysis Based on the German Official Income and Expenditure Survey (2018, background): “…effect refers to the benefits which accrue as a consequence of densely populated areas with a large share of high-rise, compact apartment living (Norman et al., 2006), shorter transport distances and more developed public transport (Rau and Vega, 2012; Anderson et al., 1996; Kenworthy and…”
Understanding the spectrum of residential energy consumption: A quantile regression approach (2010, background): “Norman et al. (2006) claim that building operational energy consumption per unit area, is same for both high density urban and low density suburban homes.”