miRNAs in human cancer

By T. Farazi, Jessica I. Spitzer, Pavel Morozov, Thomas Tuschl. Journal of Pathology, 2010

999 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are single‐stranded RNA molecules of 20–23 nucleotide (nt) length that control gene expression in many cellular processes. These molecules typically reduce the stability of mRNAs, including those of genes that mediate processes in tumorigenesis, such as inflammation, cell cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis and invasion. miRNA targeting is mostly achieved through specific base‐pairing interactions between the 5′ end (‘seed’ region) of the miRNA and sites within coding and untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs; target sites in the 3′ UTR lead to more effective mRNA destabilization. Since miRNAs frequently target hundreds of mRNAs, miRNA regulatory pathways are complex. To provide a critical overview of miRNA dysregulation in cancer, we first discuss the methods currently available for studying the role of miRNAs in cancer and then review miRNA genomic organization, biogenesis and mechanism of target recognition, examining how these processes are altered in tumorigenesis. Given the critical role miRNAs play in tumorigenesis processes and their disease‐specific expression, they hold potential as therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Subfields: Cancer Research, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/972c841be254751ccd26cd5d8696c11f18ba51cf

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Citations in the corpus

The functional role of long non-coding RNA in human carcinomas (2011, background): “While a number of small ncRNAs classes, including miRNAs, have established roles in tumorigenesis, an intriguing association between the aberrant expression of ncRNA satellite repeats and cancer has been recently demonstrated [41-46].”
miRSystem: An Integrated System for Characterizing Enriched Functions and Pathways of MicroRNA Targets (2012, background): “A growing body of evidence has indicated that dysregulation of miRNAs results in several diseases including cardiovascular disease [6], type 2 diabetes [7], and multiple cancers [8].”
Improved classification of breast cancer by analysis of genetic alterations and gene expression profiling (2011, background): “Consistent with these results, examination of mRNA levels in the same samples for miRNA pathway components or other factors implicated in miRNA biogenesis (reviewed in (9)) did not suggest globally differential miRNA processing in normal breast and carcinomas (Suppl.”