Innate or Adaptive Immunity? The Example of Natural Killer Cells

By É. Vivier, D. Raulet, A. Moretta, M. Caligiuri, L. Zitvogel, L. Lanier, W. Yokoyama, S. Ugolini. Science, 2011

2,683 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Natural killer (NK) cells were originally defined as effector lymphocytes of innate immunity endowed with constitutive cytolytic functions. More recently, a more nuanced view of NK cells has emerged. NK cells are now recognized to express a repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors that is calibrated to ensure self-tolerance while allowing efficacy against assaults such as viral infection and tumor development. Moreover, NK cells do not react in an invariant manner but rather adapt to their environment. Finally, recent studies have unveiled that NK cells can also mount a form of antigen-specific immunologic memory. NK cells thus exert sophisticated biological functions that are attributes of both innate and adaptive immunity, blurring the functional borders between these two arms of the immune response.

Subfields: Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/97132802cdbb18e38df5916c6f7f95a24942fbb0

How researchers see this paper

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In Immunology

1. Guido Kroemer
2. L. Galluzzi
3. D. Artis
4. L. Zitvogel
5. H. Spits
6. Oliver Kepp
7. D. Raulet
8. L. Lanier

Citations in the corpus

• Regulation of ligands for the NKG2D activating receptor (2013, background): “These findings underlie the concept that NK cells recognize unhealthy or distressed cells, though there are clearly other modes of NK recognition, such as missing self-recognition and recognition of certain foreign ligands (1).”
• NK cell development, homeostasis and function: parallels with CD8+ T cells (2011, background): “For example, NK cells are 'educated' and selected during their development, their receptors exhibit antigen specificity, they undergo clonal expansion during infection and they generate long-lived memory cell”
• Natural killer cells in cancer biology and therapy (2020, background): “In recent phase I and II trials, iC9/CAR-CD19/IL-15 NK cells were prepared ex vivo and infused into patients with relapsed or refractory CD19-positive cancers after lymphodepleting chemotherapy.”
• Innate Lymphoid Cells: 10 Years On. (2018, positive): “NK Cells and ILC1s NK cells are dedicated cytotoxic cells that circulate in the bloodstream (Vivier et al., 2011).”
• Immunological Effects of Conventional Chemotherapy and Targeted Anticancer Agents. (2015, background): “Of note, CTLs and TH1 CD4 + T lymphocytes appear to ensure local immunosurveillance, whereas NK cells play a predominant role in the control of metastatic dissemination (Vivier et al., 2011).”
• Natural Killer Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Utilization (2018, background): “However, the separation of these cells with regards to their contributions to adaptive immunity has recently been reconsidered due to the discovery of NK cells that exhibit immunological memory (160, 221).”