Type IV pilus structure and bacterial pathogenicity

By L. Craig, M. Pique, John A. Tainer. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2004

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Bacterial adhesion and entry into host cells. (2006, neutral): “…of polymeric adhesive surface structures expressed by many Gram-negative bacteria including pathogens such as EPEC, EHEC, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila, Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Neisseria meningitidis, and Vibrio cholerae (Craig et al., 2004).”
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: new insights into pathogenesis and host defenses. (2013, background): “Pili can also lead to aggregation, causing the bacteria to form microcolonies on target tissues, effectively concentrating the bacteria in one location and potentially offering protection from the host immune system and from antibiotics (Craig et al., 2004; Sriramulu et al., 2005).”
Biofilms (2013, result): “This result was surprising because of the association of Type IV pili with biofilms in other organisms.(51,52) Type IV pili are required in Pseudomonas for full formation of biofilm due to their role in initial attachment and colonization of surfaces.”
Crystal structures of the pilus retraction motor PilT suggest large domain movements and subunit cooperation drive motility. (2007, background): “Although the structures of several Type IV pilin monomers have been solved and the polymers formed by them accurately modeled (reviewed in Craig et al., 2004;Hansen and Forest, 2006), the structure of the assembly and retraction *to whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of…”