Change in Muscle Strength Explains Accelerated Decline of Physical Function in Older Women With High Interleukin‐6 Serum Levels

By Luigi Ferrucci, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, S. Volpato, Tamara B. Harris, Karen Bandeen-Roche, J. Balfour, Suzanne G. Leveille, L. Fried, Jack M Guralnik Md. Journal of The American Geriatrics Society, 2002

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Inflammatory mediators in the elderly. (2004, background): “Furthermore, systemic low-grade inflammation has been associated with decreased muscle mass (Ferrucci et al., 2002; Pedersen et al., 2003; Visser et al., 2002) as well as the development of functional disability in elderly populations (Ferrucci et al., 1999).”
Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. (2011, background): “factors considered to be involved include genetic heritability (30–32), nutritional status (protein intake, energy intake, and vitamin D status) (33–38), physical activity (39–42), hormonal changes (declines in serum testosterone and growth hormone) (43, 44), insulin resistance (45–47), atheroscelor”
Measuring biological aging in humans: A quest (2019, background): “…inflammation measured by circulating levels of IL-6 is the only known cross-sectional and longitudinal predictor of multimorbidity and one of the strongest predictors of incident mobility loss and disability in activities of daily living (Fabbri et al., 2014; Ferrucci et al., 1999, 2002).”
Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. (2006, background): “Markers of inflammation are also related to lower strength (15) and lean mass, as well as to a decline in strength (16).”