Mining the human gut microbiota for immunomodulatory organisms

By N. Geva-Zatorsky, Esen Sefik, L. Kua, Lesley Pasman, T. G. Tan, A. Ortíz-López, Tsering Bakto Yanortsang, Liang Yang, R. Jupp, D. Mathis and 2 more. Cell, 2017

690 citations recorded by the source corpus.

SUMMARY Within the human gut reside diverse microbes coexisting with the host in a mutually advantageous relationship. Evidence has revealed the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in shaping the immune system. To date, only a few of these microbes have been shown to modulate specific immune parameters. Herein, we broadly identify the immunomodulatory effects of phylogenetically diverse human gut microbes. We monocolonized mice with each of 53 individual bacterial species and systematically analyzed host immunologic adaptation to colonization. Most microbes exerted several specialized, complementary, and redundant transcriptional and immunomodulatory effects. Surprisingly, these were independent of microbial phylogeny. Microbial diversity in the gut ensures robustness of the microbiota’s ability to generate a consistent immunomodulatory impact, serving as a highly important epigenetic system. This study provides a foundation for investigation of gut microbiota–host mutualism, highlighting key players that could identify important therapeutics.

Subfields: Immunology, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9420f378add0bc57af6d828ec86e6184d777336c

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Citations in the corpus

The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and opportunities for therapy (2018, background): “A variety of gut bacteria, including Bifidobacterium adolescentis and segmented filamentous bacteria, have been identified as key modulators of GI T helper 17 (Th17) cells (Ivanov et al., 2009; Tan et al., 2016; Geva-Zatorsky et al., 2017), instrumental in the maintenance of barrier function and pro”
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Understanding the Holobiont: How microbial metabolites affect human health and shape the immune system (2017, background): “monocolonized germ-free mice separately with 53 different bacterial species resident in the human intestine (less than 5% of the estimated total!) and found that each one of them had some sort of immunomodulatory effect on the host (Geva-Zatorsky et al., 2017).”
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