Current understanding of the human microbiome

By Jack A. Gilbert, Martin J. Blaser, J. Gregory Caporaso, Janet K. Jansson, S. Lynch, Rob Knight. Nature Medicine, 2018

2,119 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Our understanding of the link between the human microbiome and disease, including obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis and autism, is rapidly expanding. Improvements in the throughput and accuracy of DNA sequencing of the genomes of microbial communities that are associated with human samples, complemented by analysis of transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes and immunomes and by mechanistic experiments in model systems, have vastly improved our ability to understand the structure and function of the microbiome in both diseased and healthy states. However, many challenges remain. In this review, we focus on studies in humans to describe these challenges and propose strategies that leverage existing knowledge to move rapidly from correlation to causation and ultimately to translation into therapies.

Subfields: Infectious Diseases, Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3f6d8556dd69cea76a75e113aeb66699fa093dc2

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In Molecular Biology

Citations in the corpus

Antibiotics as Major Disruptors of Gut Microbiota (2020, background): “However, longitudinal studies show that factors such as diet, drug intake, lifestyle (smoking, travelling, physical activity), co-morbidities, or colonic transit time have an impact on the microbial composition of fecal samples obtained from a unique host (Gilbert et al., 2018; Allaband et al., 2019”
Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition (2021, neutral): “Causality direction was tested between the microbiome and two data types: (1) autoimmune, cardiovascular, metabolic (including weight-related phenotypes) and psychological diseases (GWAS summary statistics from MRBase36) known to be associated with microbiome composition2,3,37–42,47 and (2) 42 nutri”
Forest Tree Microbiomes and Associated Fungal Endophytes: Functional Roles and Impact on Forest Health (2019, background): “It has been acknowledged that human microbiota play key roles in human health and disease progression [7].”
Applications of Machine Learning in Human Microbiome Studies: A Review on Feature Selection, Biomarker Identification, Disease Prediction and Treatment (2021, background): “The human microbiome has been described as a ﬁngerprint, unique and speciﬁc to each individual, set in early life and modeled by diet, lifestyle and environmental factors (Gilbert et al., 2018).”