Epithelial antimicrobial defence of the skin and intestine
By R. Gallo, L. Hooper. Nature reviews. Immunology, 2012
872 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Surface tissues of the body such as the skin and intestinal tract are in direct contact with the external environment and are thus continuously exposed to large numbers of microorganisms. To cope with the substantial microbial exposure, epithelial surfaces produce a diverse arsenal of antimicrobial proteins that directly kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. In this Review, we highlight new advances in our understanding of how epithelial antimicrobial proteins protect against pathogens and contribute to microbiota–host homeostasis at the skin and gut mucosae. Further, we discuss recent insights into the regulatory mechanisms that control antimicrobial protein expression. Finally, we consider how impaired antimicrobial protein expression and function can contribute to disease.
Subfields: Dermatology, Immunology, Microbiology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/93893c741b305e76cb76d97e78e83880f46dd1f1
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In Immunology
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- M. V. D. van den Brink
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- Eric G. Pamer
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- C. Benoist
- Alexander Y. Rudensky
Citations in the corpus
- Intestinal Blautia is associated with reduced death from graft-versus-host disease (2015, background): “Alternatively, epithelial damage due to conditioning-induced mucositis could also potentially result in changes in flora composition via changes in expression of antimicrobial molecules produced by intestinal epithelium [55].”
- Antimicrobials from human skin commensal bacteria protect against Staphylococcus aureus and are deficient in atopic dermatitis (2017, background): “aureus on the skin surface, detectable on the surface of normal human skin, and highly synergistic with LL-37, an important human AMP (2, 37).”
- Mining the human gut microbiota for immunomodulatory organisms (2017, positive): “In GF mice, a-defensins, Reg3 family members, and other Paneth-cell-derived products (such as Ang4) were expressed at reproducibly high levels in the SI but at 20-fold lower levels in the colon (Figure 6A), where they were among the most variably expressed transcripts genome-wide (as indicated by th”