INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY OF MASSIVE, KILOPARSEC-SCALE OUTFLOWS IN THE INFRARED-LUMINOUS QSO Mrk 231

By D. Rupke, Sylvain Veilleux. 2011

250 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The quasi-stellar object (QSO)/merger Mrk 231 is arguably the nearest and best laboratory for studying QSO feedback. It hosts several outflows, including broad-line winds, radio jets, and a poorly understood kpc-scale outflow. In this Letter, we present integral field spectroscopy from the Gemini telescope that represents the first unambiguous detection of a wide-angle, kiloparsec-scale outflow from a powerful QSO. Using neutral gas absorption, we show that the nuclear region hosts an outflow with blueshifted velocities reaching 1100 km s−1, extending 2–3 kpc from the nucleus in all directions in the plane of the sky. A radio jet impacts the outflow north of the nucleus, accelerating it to even higher velocities (up to 1400 km s−1). Finally, 3.5 kpc south of the nucleus, star formation is simultaneously powering an outflow that reaches more modest velocities of only 570 km s−1. Blueshifted ionized gas is also detected around the nucleus at lower velocities and smaller scales. The mass and energy flux from the outflow are ≳2.5 times the star formation rate and ≳0.7% of the active galactic nucleus luminosity, consistent with negative feedback models of QSOs.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91443afcd195b6a641bf2ea71f5292337e9cfc1a

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Astronomy and Astrophysics

In Instrumentation

Citations in the corpus

FAST MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS IN LUMINOUS GALAXY MERGERS: EVIDENCE FOR QUASAR FEEDBACK FROM HERSCHEL (2013, background): “(3) Our high-resolution Gemini/IFU observations have revealed that the Na I D outflow in Mrk 231 is wide-angle, thus driven by a QSO wind rather than a jet (Rupke & Veilleux 2011, hereafter RV11).”
CLEARING OUT A GALAXY (2012, background): “Recently, three groups (Feruglio et al. 2010; Rupke & Veilleux 2011; Sturm et al. 2011) have used molecular spectral line observations to reveal fast (vout ∼ 1000 km s −1) kpc–scale, massive (Ṁout ∼ 1000 M⊙ yr −1) outflows in the nearby quasar Mrk231.”
Ionised outflows in z $\sim$ 2.4 quasar host galaxies (2015, background): “Quasar-driven outflows extending to kpc-scales have been resolved both locally (e.g Feruglio et al. 2010; Rupke & Veilleux 2011; Cicone et al. 2012; Rupke & Veilleux 2013; Rodríguez Zaurín et al. 2013; Feruglio et al. 2013b,a; Cicone et al. 2014; Rodríguez Zaurín et al. 2014; Aalto et al. 2015;…”
MASSIVE MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IN ULIRGs OBSERVED BY HERSCHEL-PACS (2011, background): “Only in Mrk 231 does a radio jet contribute to the Na ID outflow (Rupke & Veilleux 2011).”
AGN wind scaling relations and the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies (2017, methodology): “…techniques: 1) deep optical/NIR spectroscopy, mainly from integral field observations (IFU, e.g. Nesvadba et al. 2006, 2008; Alexander et al. 2010; Rupke & Veilleux 2011; Riffel & Storchi-Bergmann 2011; Cano-Diaz et al. 2012; Greene et al. 2012; Harrison et al. 2012, 2014; Liu et al. 2013a,b;…”
X-shooter reveals powerful outflows in z ∼ 1.5 X-ray selected obscured quasi-stellar objects (2014, background): “…in the form of the predicted energetic outflows in ULIRGs with Seyfert nuclei in the local Universe (e.g. Feruglio et al. 2010; Fischer et al. 2010; Rupke & Veilleux 2011; Villar-Martín et al. 2011; Rodríguez-Zaurín et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2011; Westmoquette et al. 2012; Rupke & Veilleux 2013;…”
Kiloparsec-scale outflows are prevalent among luminous AGN: outflows and feedback in the context of the overall AGN population (2014, background): “…observed outflows as has been seen in local systems, where star-formation winds, nuclear winds (potentially AGN-driven) and radio jets all are playing a role (.g., Cecil et al. 2001; Storchi-Bergmann et al. 2010; Rupke & Veilleux 2011; also see discussion on our individual targets in Appendix A).”
Observational evidence of quasar feedback quenching star formation at high redshift (2011, background): “Massive, large-scale outflows have been detected in the hosts of local quasars (e.g. Feruglio et al., 2010; Fischer et al.,2010; Sturm et al., 2011; Rupke & Veilleux, 2011).”
UNLEASHING POSITIVE FEEDBACK: LINKING THE RATES OF STAR FORMATION, SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE ACCRETION, AND OUTFLOWS IN DISTANT GALAXIES (2013, background): “Empirically, there is a generic coupling for AGNs between star formation rate and outflow rate, e.g., as found for the well-resolved case of Mrk 231 (Rupke & Veilleux 2011).”
Gravitational torque-driven black hole growth and feedback in cosmological simulations (2016, background): “…from observed fast nuclear outflows (e.g. Tombesi et al. 2013; Nardini et al. 2015) and galaxy-scale winds (e.g. Feruglio et al. 2010; Rupke & Veilleux 2011; Sturm et al. 2011; Greene, Zakamska & Smith 2012; Maiolino et al. 2012; Liu et al. 2013; Cicone et al. 2014; Harrison et al.…”
Neutral hydrogen in galaxy haloes at the peak of the cosmic star formation history (2014, background): “Recently, direct observational evidence for powerful, wide-angle, galaxy-scale, quasar-driven outflows has emerged (e.g., Moe et al. 2009; Feruglio et al. 2010; Sturm et al. 2011; Rupke & Veilleux 2011; Greene et al. 2012; Maiolino et al. 2012; Harrison et al. 2014; Cicone et al. 2014).”
Ionized gas outflows and global kinematics of low-z luminous star-forming galaxies (2014, background): “…2009; Colina et al. 2012; Westmoquette et al. 2012; Rupke & Veilleux 2013a; Rodrı́guez-Zaurı́n et al. 2013), neutral (Rupke, Veilleux & Sanders 2005a,b; Rupke & Veilleux 2011; Rupke & Veilleux 2013a), and molecular (Feruglio et al. 2010; Fisher et al. 2010; Sturm et al. 2011; Spoon et al. 2013;…”
Stellar and Quasar Feedback in Concert: Effects on AGN Accretion, Obscuration, and Outflows (2015, unknown): “…Moe et al. 2009; Wild et al. 2009; Fischer et al. 2010; Humphrey et al. 2010; Dunn et al. 2010; Bautista et al. 2010; Feruglio et al. 2010; Sturm et al. 2011; Rupke & Veilleux 2011; Coil et al. 2011; Greene et al. 2011, 2012; Faucher-Giguère et al. 2012; Borguet et al. 2012; Cicone et al. 2014).”
Massive molecular outflows and evidence for AGN feedback from CO observations (2013, methodology): “While various techniques have been used to identify other phases of outflows in active galaxies, both locally (e.g. Rupke & Veilleux 2011, 2013b; Müller-Sánchez et al. 2011; Mullaney et al. 2013; Emonts et al. 2005; Morganti et al. 2003, 2005; Martin 2005; Soto et al. 2012; Rodríguez Zaurín et al.…”
The physics of galactic winds driven by active galactic nuclei (2012, methodology): “5; Rupke & Veilleux 2011; Sturm et al. 2011).”
Star formation in galaxy mergers with realistic models of stellar feedback and the interstellar medium (2012, background): “…find that in the AGN-dominated systems at quasar luminosities, outflow masses are enhanced and the outflow velocities reach ∼1000 km s−1, larger than those we find driven by stellar feedback (Tremonti, Moustakas & Diamond-Stanic 2007; Feruglio et al. 2010; Rupke & Veilleux 2011; Sturm et al. 2011).”