Toll‐Like receptor 4 mediates inflammatory signaling by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in human hepatic stellate cells

By Y. Paik, Robert F. Schwabe, R. Bataller, M. Russo, C. Jobin, D. Brenner. Hepatology, 2003

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TLR4 enhances TGF-β signaling and hepatic fibrosis (2007, background): “We and others have previously shown that activated HSCs express TLR4 and are highly responsive to low concentrations of LP”
Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease (2020, background): “This results in an upregulation of multiple chemokines and adhesion molecules.(232) Innate immune sensing of gut-derived microbial products by different TLRs, including TLR4, TLR9, TLR5, and their downstream impacts on liver inflammation in the context of NAFLD/NASH have been recently reviewed elsew”
NF-κB in the liver—linking injury, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (2011, background): “A wide range of proinflammatory mediators activate NF-κB in HSCs/HMFs, including LPS, TNF, IL-1β, angiotensin II and CD40L”
Increased intestinal permeability in obese mice: new evidence in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. (2007, background): “Recent evidence, however, has shown that HSCs can directly respond to LPS via a specific receptor complex and contribute to establish and/or enhance endotoxin-mediated liver injury (9, 43).”
Liver inflammation and fibrosis. (2017, background): “TLR4 activation can lead to ROS signaling, and ROS may modulate signaling downstream of TLR4 via NOX activation.”