Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases.

By Stephanie D. Preston, F. D. de Waal. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2001

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Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain. (2006, background): “However, some contemporary models of pain processing (e.g., Price, 2002) do not view the affective and sensory components as two processes based on distinct parallel pathways, but rather suggest that the extensive networks that subserve pain mechanisms involve both serial and parallel circuitry…”
Secondary emotions in non-primate species? Behavioural reports and subjective claims by animal owners (2008, background): “The only studies that have been carried out have been almost entirely restricted to monkeys and the great apes (Preston & de Waal, 2002).”
The Scarecrow and the Tin Man: The Vicissitudes of Human Sympathy and Caring (2007, background): “Giving that occurs in the absence of sympathy—that is driven entirely by the deliberative system—on the other hand, would seem to more closely meet the qualifications of “true” or “pure” altruism in the sense that it does not confer any obvious immediate hedonic benefit.”