Biodegradability and biodegradation of poly(lactide)

By Y. Tokiwa, Buenaventurada P. Calabia. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2006

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Macrophages, Foreign Body Giant Cells and Their Response to Implantable Biomaterials (2015, background): “Degradation of some polyester biomaterials has also been associated with enzymatic degradation [141].”
Bioplastics and Petroleum-based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses (2011, background): “, 2007), polylactic acids (PLA) (Tokiwa and Calabia, 2006), and polycaprolactone (PCL) (Demirbas, 2007).”
Foreign body reaction to biomaterials. (2008, background): “[85] Not all polyesters undergo degradation and there are only rare examples of the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron®) whose use in vascular graft prostheses has demonstrated any clinical biodegradation.”
Biodegradability of Plastics (2009, unknown): “been published [49].”
Abiotic and biotic environmental degradation of the bioplastic polymer poly(lactic acid): A review (2017, methodology): “However, degradation mechanisms of PLA and understanding the association and role of microorganisms during the environmental degradation are still poorly understood [19,68].”