Microglia, major player in the brain inflammation: their roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
By Yoon-Seong Kim, T. Joh. Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 2006
651 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Inflammation, a self-defensive reaction against various pathogenic stimuli, may become harmful self-damaging process. Increasing evidence has linked chronic inflammation to a number of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis. In the central nervous system, microglia, the resident innate immune cells play major role in the inflammatory process. Although they form the first line of defense for the neural parenchyma, uncontrolled activation of microglia may directly toxic to neurons by releasing various substances such as inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), NO, PGE and superoxide. Moreover, our recent study demonstrated that activated microglia phagocytose not only damaged cell debris but also neighboring intact cells. It further supports their active participation in self-perpetuating neuronal damaging cycles. In the following review, we discuss microglial responses to damaging neurons, known activators released from injured neurons and how microglia cause neuronal degeneration. In the last part, microglial activation and their role in PD are discussed in depth.
Subfields: Immunology, Neurology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e3856987d6605d99160e5b62c809a738ead7f19
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In Immunology
Citations in the corpus
- METHAMPHETAMINE TOXICITY AND MESSENGERS OF DEATH (2009, background): “Specifically, microglial cells appear to play role in the progress of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s (Kim and Joh, 2006), Alzheimer’s (Xiang et al., 2006), and Huntington’s (Sapp et al., 2001) diseases as well as AIDS-related neurological deficits (Gonzalez-Scarano and…”
- The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease (2013, neutral): “ing to increased ROS generation [252, 266–269].”
- Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (2018, background): “Brain inflammation appears to have a dual function, playing a neuroprotective role during an acute-phase response, but becomes detrimental when a chronic response is mounted [92].”