Participation in cancer clinical trials: race-, sex-, and age-based disparities.

By V. Murthy, Harlan M. Krumholz, C. Gross. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 2004

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Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: the intersection of science and practice to improve health equity. (2010, background): “Finally, the challenge of lack of trust between researchers and underrepresented communities, identified strongly within CBPR initiatives, has historical resonance from the Tuskegee study and has diminished participation by people of color in research.(24,25) Such mistrust is also ongoing, as indica”
Are Racial and Ethnic Minorities Less Willing to Participate in Health Research? (2005, background): “The claim that racial and ethnic minority groups in the US are less willing to participate in health research seems to be validated by data showing that minority groups are underrepresented in at least some health research studies [20–25].”
The Risks of Ageism Model: How Ageism and Negative Attitudes toward Age Can Be a Barrier to Active Aging (2017, background): “…connected to beliefs that age-related declines in health are inevitable, which in themselves have been shown to be related to lower uptake of healthy lifestyles (e.g., Wurm et al., 2010), and to the underinclusion of older adults in clinical trials (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2013; Murthy et al., 2004).”