Macrophage Phenotype as a Determinant of Biologic Scaffold Remodeling

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Macrophage polarization: An opportunity for improved outcomes in biomaterials and regenerative medicine (2012, background): “response and results in downstream scar tissue formation [154].”
The Role of Macrophage Phenotype in Vascularization of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds (2014, neutral): “Glutaraldehyde-crosslinked scaffolds were expected to promote a moderate inflammatory response [13,57].”
Macrophage phenotype and remodeling outcomes in response to biologic scaffolds with and without a cellular component. (2009, background): “Conversely, non-crosslinked test articles degraded rapidly following implantation, elicited an M2 type response, and resulted in constructive remodeling of the abdominal wall including organized collagenous connective tissue, islands of skeletal muscle, and blood vessels [34].”
Biomaterial based modulation of macrophage polarization: A review and suggested design principles (2015, background): “These sequential steps represent the full extent of a foreign body response/reaction (FBR) following implantation of a biomaterial [6] (Fig.”
Macrophage phenotype as a predictor of constructive remodeling following the implantation of biologically derived surgical mesh materials. (2012, background): “Both of these cell types are known to participate in ECM remodeling [55–57], albeit in much smaller numbers than macrophages [6, 7, 37].”