Renin‐angiotensin system revisited

By F. Fyhrquist, O. Saijonmaa. Journal of Internal Medicine, 2008

624 citations recorded by the source corpus.

New components and functions of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) are still being unravelled. The classical RAS as it looked in the middle 1970s consisted of circulating renin, acting on angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I, which in turn was converted into angiotensin II (Ang II) by angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE). Ang II, still considered the main effector of RAS was believed to act only as a circulating hormone via angiotensin receptors, AT1 and AT2. Since then, an expanded view of RAS has gradually emerged. Local tissue RAS systems have been identified in most organs. Recently, evidence for an intracellular RAS has been reported. The new expanded view of RAS therefore covers both endocrine, paracrine and intracrine functions. Other peptides of RAS have been shown to have biological actions; angiotensin 2–8 heptapeptide (Ang III) has actions similar to those of Ang II. Further, the angiotensin 3–8 hexapeptide (Ang IV) exerts its actions via insulin‐regulated amino peptidase receptors. Finally, angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1–7) acts via mas receptors. The discovery of another ACE2 was an important complement to this picture. The recent discovery of renin receptors has made our view of RAS unexpectedly complex and multilayered. The importance of RAS in cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated by the clinical benefits of ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers. Great expectations are now generated by the introduction of renin inhibitors. Indeed, RAS regulates much more and diverse physiological functions than previously believed.

Subfields: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ad8f605120a9a992482a6dc5079be469a8a66a9

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

  1. G. Oudit
  2. C. Seidman

In Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

  1. G. Oudit

In Molecular Biology

  1. Fabian J Theis
  2. Aviv Regev
  3. Sarah A. Teichmann
  4. Alvis Brazma
  5. H. Schiller
  6. Dana Pe'er
  7. Kerstin B. Meyer
  8. Naftali Kaminski

Citations in the corpus